Chemical Peels Theory Week 8

What does the pH refer to?

• The acidity of a substance

• The acidity or alkalinity of a substance

• The alkalinity of a substance

• The salt content of a substance

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. What is its purpose? 

• Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications

• Buffer solutions are used as a means of lowering the pH value in a wide variety of chemical applications

• Buffer solutions are used as a means of increasing the pH value in a wide variety of chemical applications

• Buffer solutions are used as a means of lowering the pKa value in a wide variety of chemical applications

Often, neutralization reactions can be both exothermic and endothermic dependant on whether it is a strong acid and a weak acid.  What does this mean?

• This is when a chemical reaction occurs, energy is transferred to or from the surroundings. There is no temperature change in the tissues

• This is when a chemical reaction occurs, ions are transferred to or from the surroundings. There is no temperature change in the tissues

• This is when a chemical reaction occurs, energy is transferred to or from the surroundings. There is usually a temperature change in the tissues

• This is when a chemical reaction occurs, the pH of the acid increases and there is a change in the tissues

During the proliferation phase of wound healing what process occurs?

• Type I collagen is remodelled to type III to resurface the injury

• New tissue made of collagen & extra cellular matrix contracts, epithelial cells resurface the injury

• The extra cellular matrix produces new collagen & elastin to resurface the injury

• Type III collagen is remodelled to type I to resurface the injury

The traditionally accepted mechanism has been based on the concept that the effect of a peeling solution on the skin is based purely on its acidity. By using elementary concepts in chemistry three separate mechanisms of action for chemical peeling are

•   1. Acidity 2. Toxicity 3. Metabolic interactions

• 1. Acidity 2. Toxicity 3. Caustic interactions

• 1. Metabolic interactions 2. Toxicity 3. Alkalinity

• 1. Caustic interactions 2. Acidity 3. Metabolic interactions

How do Polyhydroxy Acid's differ to regular Alpha Hydroxy Acid’s?

• A free fatty acid molecule to add greater lipid solubility to achieve effective exfoliation

•   Large molecular structure to treat fine ageing skins and sensitive skins and include Lactobionic acid

• AHA’S with a free fatty acid molecule to add greater lipid solubility facilitating effective exfoliation

• Small molecular structure to treat fine ageing skins and sensitive skins and include salicylic acid

The consistency of chemical peel product can differ according to the manufacturer, being either gel or liquid. The mode of action differs with the consistency. Which statement is correct?

• A gel consistency offers less control in application and a slower release than liquid

• A gel consistency offers less control in application and a faster release than liquid

• A gel consistence allows more control in application and a faster release than liquid

• A gel consistence allows more control in application and a slower release than liquid

How would you describe the absorption of Alpha Hydroxy Acids?

• Mostly water soluble in a water suspension, easily penetrating the epidermal and sebaceous lipids so degreasing of the skin is not essential prior to use.

• Mostly lipid soluble in an oil base, easily penetrate the epidermal and sebaceous lipids so degreasing of the skin is not needed prior to use.

• Mostly lipid soluble with a natural affinity with the epidermal and sebaceous lipids

• Mostly water soluble in a water suspension, penetration of the epidermal and sebaceous lipids is achieved by degreasing of the skin prior to use

Which of the following AHA's has the smallest molecular structure and can be the most penetrative and therefore potentially irritating?

• Mandelic Acid

• Lactic Acid

• Glycolic Acid

• Phytic Acid

Bonus question: The enzyme Tyrosinase is inhibited with the application of certain chemical peels and skincare products. What effect does inhibiting Tyrosinase have on the skin?

• It reduces inflammation

• It reduces erythema

• It reduces pigmentation

• Induces pigmentation