Topic 9 Motivation

Which theory emphasizes the importance of addressing both hygiene and motivational factors to create a motivating work environment?

• a) Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory

• b) Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

• c) Learned Needs Theory

• d) Expectancy Theory of Motivation

According to Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory, the lowest unmet need is the strongest. What happens when the lowest need is satisfied?

• a) The next higher need becomes the primary motivator.

• b) The individual becomes self-actualized.

• c) The individual experiences job satisfaction.

• d) The individual's motivation decreases.

Which theory suggests that needs can be amplified or suppressed through self-concept, social norms, and past experience?

• a) Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory

• b) Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

• c) Learned Needs Theory

• d) Expectancy Theory of Motivation

According to the Four Drive Theory, which drive involves seeking, acquiring, controlling, and retaining objects or experiences?

• a) Drive to acquire

• b) Drive to bond

• c) Drive to learn

• d) Drive to defend

What does the Expectancy Theory of Motivation refer to as "instrumentality"?

• a) The degree of expectation that exerting effort will lead to certain performance.

• b) The degree to which an individual believes that performance will lead to desired outcomes.

• c) The attractiveness of outcomes as a result of effort and performance.

• d) The degree of expectation that rewards are linked to performance.

Which consequence in behavior modification involves introducing a reinforcer to increase or maintain a behavior?

• a) Positive reinforcement

• b) Punishment

• c) Negative reinforcement

• d) Extinction

Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the role of learning behavior outcomes through observing consequences. What is another key element of this theory?

• a) Goal setting

• b) Self-regulation

• c) Equity evaluation

• d) Organizational justice

What is the purpose of goal setting in motivating employees?

• a) To establish performance objectives

• b) To amplify the intensity and persistence of effort

• c) To give employees clear role perception

• d) All of the above

Which type of feedback focuses on building on employees' strengths rather than correcting weaknesses?

• a) Social feedback

• b) Nonsocial feedback

• c) Strengths-based coaching

• d) Organizational justice

Distributive justice in organizational justice refers to the perceived fairness in:

• a) The procedures used to decide the distribution of resources.

• b) The outcomes received relative to contributions and those of others.

• c) The ratio of outcomes to inputs.

• d) Correcting inequity tension.