level 2 Re Cap Cardio and Resp

Which of the following is a short-term effect of exercise on the respiratory system?

• Decreased ventilation rate and increased oxygen intake.

• Decreased ventilation rate and decreased oxygen intake.

• Increased ventilation rate and increased oxygen intake

• Increased ventilation rate and decreased oxygen intake.

Answer explanation

During short-term exercise, the body's demand for oxygen increases. To meet this need, the respiratory system responds by increasing the ventilation rate (rate of breathing) to take in more oxygen. Simultaneously, oxygen intake also rises to supply the muscles with sufficient oxygen. Hence, the correct answer is 'Increased ventilation rate and increased oxygen intake'.

During exercise, why does heart rate increase?

• The heart rate increases to cool down the body during exercise.

• The heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during exercise.

• The heart rate increases to remove waste products from the muscles during exercise.

• The heart rate increases to decrease blood flow to the muscles during exercise.

Answer explanation

The heart rate increases during exercise primarily to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. This is the correct answer because, during exercise, the muscles require more energy, which is produced by burning oxygen and nutrients. Thus, to meet this increased demand, the heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

• Stays the same

• Decreases

• Fluctuates

• Increases

Answer explanation

During exercise, the body needs more oxygen to sustain the increased physical activity. The heart rate increases to pump more blood, which carries oxygen to the muscles. Therefore, the correct answer to the question, 'What happens to heart rate during exercise?' is 'Increases'.

What happens to blood pressure during exercise?

• Decreases

• Stays the same

• Increases

• Fluctuates

Answer explanation

During exercise, your heart works harder to pump more blood to your muscles, which results in an increase in blood pressure. This is because the physical exertion demands more oxygen and nutrients, which are delivered via the bloodstream. Hence, the blood pressure increases.

What happens to the body's demand for oxygen during exercise?

• The body's demand for oxygen decreases.

• The body's demand for oxygen remains the same.

• The body's demand for oxygen increases.

• The body's demand for oxygen fluctuates unpredictably.

Answer explanation

During exercise, the body's muscles work harder, which increases the body's demand for oxygen. This is why the body's demand for oxygen increases, not decreases, remains the same or fluctuates unpredictably.

Why does the body produce more sweat during exercise?

• The body produces more sweat to increase body temperature.

• The body produces more sweat to deliver nutrients to the muscles.

• The body produces more sweat to cool down the body.

• The body produces more sweat to remove oxygen from the body.

Answer explanation

During exercise, the body's temperature rises due to the increased metabolic activity. To maintain homeostasis and prevent overheating, the body produces more sweat, which evaporates from the skin, taking excess heat with it. This process helps to cool down the body, making the third option the correct one.

What is the immediate effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

• Decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

• Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.

• Increased heart rate and blood pressure.

• Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure.

Answer explanation

When exercise commences, the body needs more oxygen and nutrients, leading to a direct increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This occurs as the cardiovascular system works harder to pump oxygenated blood to working muscles. Therefore, the immediate effect of exercise is an increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Which of the following statements is true about the short-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

• The short-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems include increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased breathing rate, and improved oxygen delivery to the muscles.

• The short-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems include decreased breathing rate and oxygen delivery to the muscles.

• The short-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems include no change in heart rate, blood flow, breathing rate, or oxygen delivery to the muscles.

• The short-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems include decreased heart rate and blood flow.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is that exercise has numerous short-term impacts on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including an increase in heart rate, blood flow, breathing rate, and improved oxygen delivery to the muscles. These effects are essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

How does exercise affect stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat)?

• Decreases

• Varies depending on the type of exercise

• Increases

• Has no effect

Answer explanation

Exercise increases the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat. When we exercise, our muscles require more oxygen. This means the heart needs to pump more blood to deliver the necessary oxygen, thereby increasing the stroke volume.

What is the effect of exercise on the body's oxygen consumption?

• Exercise decreases the body's oxygen consumption.

• Exercise has no effect on the body's oxygen consumption.

• Exercise increases the body's oxygen consumption.

• The effect of exercise on the body's oxygen consumption varies depending on the type of exercise.

Answer explanation

Exercise increases the body's oxygen consumption because when we exercise, our muscles work harder. This increased muscle activity requires more energy, which results in the body needing more oxygen to produce this energy. Thus, the body's oxygen consumption increases during exercise.