IGCSE P.E. Ch. 4.3: Short-Term Effects of Exercise

State three short-term effects of exercise on the body.

• Bradycardia

• Sweating

• Hypertrophy

• Reddening of skin

• Increased breathing and heart rates

One of the short term effects of exercise is an increased breathing rate. Suggest one explanation for this.

• to lose heat and help the body return to normal temperature by redistribution of blood to the skin.

• to meet the demand for more oxygen to working muscles.

• sweat will cool the body down and will maintain body temperature; evaporation causes cooling.

One of the short term effects of exercise is an sweating. Suggest one explanation for this.

• to lose heat and help the body return to normal temperature by redistribution of blood to the skin.

• to meet the demand for more oxygen to working muscles.

• sweat will cool the body down and will maintain body temperature; evaporation causes cooling.

One of the short term effects of exercise is the reddening of the face and skin. Suggest one explanation for this.

• to lose heat and help the body return to normal temperature by redistribution of blood to the skin.

• blood is diverted from the gut to working muscles.

• energy sources become depleted due to the intensity of the activity

One of the short term effects of exercise is nausea. Suggest one explanation for this.

• to lose heat and help the body return to normal temperature by redistribution of blood to the skin.

• blood is diverted from the gut to working muscles.

• energy sources become depleted due to the intensity of the activity

One of the short term effects of exercise is muscle fatigue. Suggest one explanation for this.

• to lose heat and help the body return to normal temperature by redistribution of blood to the skin.

• blood is diverted from the gut to working muscles.

• energy sources become depleted due to the intensity of the activity

One of the short term effects of exercise is more adrenaline is released. Suggest one explanation for this.

• muscles produce heat during activity

• adrenaline is released when the performer is aroused.

• a performer will experience an adrenaline dump.

One of the short term effects of exercise is an increase in body temperature. Suggest one explanation for this.

• muscles produce heat during activity.

• adrenaline is released when the performer is aroused.

• a performer will experience an adrenaline dump.

One short-term effect of exercise on the performer is an increase in heart rate. State and explain two other short-term effects of exercise on the performer.

[4]

Answer explanation

1 mark for stating each effect. 1 mark for each appropriate explanation if factor stated. Effects must be different. 2 from:

effect: breathing rate increases; explanation: to meet the demand for more oxygen to working muscles;

effect: sweating; explanation: sweat will cool the body down / sweat will maintain body temperature / evaporation causes cooling;

effect: fatigue (feeling tired); explanation: energy sources become depleted due to the intensity of the activity;

effect: suffering from nausea / feeling light headed; explanation: blood is diverted to working muscles from the gut / lack of hydration / taking part in activities that restrict blood flow;

effect: more adrenaline is released into the blood; explanation: adrenaline is released when the performer is scared / excited / aroused;

effect: body temperature increases / muscles become warmer; explanation: muscles produce heat during activity; effect: more carbon dioxide is produced; explanation: working muscles produce an increase in carbon dioxide as a waste product;

effect: increase in stroke volume; explanation: more blood is required by the working muscles.

effect: increase in cardiac output; explanation: more blood is required by the working muscles.

effect: increase in tidal volume; explanation: more oxygen is required by the body.

effect: increase in minute ventilation; explanation: more oxygen is required by the body.

effect: increase blood flow to muscles / oxygen supply to muscles; explanation: blood vessels dilate to carry more blood to working muscles / during exercise the body needs more oxygen / needs to remove more carbon dioxide.

effect: blood vessels closer to the skin enlarge / become red faced; explanation: to lose heat / helps the body return to normal temperature / redistribution of blood to skin.