AP Biology Evolution

What is natural selection?

• The process by which certain traits or characteristics become more or less common in a population over time, based on their ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment.

• The process by which organisms intentionally change their traits to better survive in their environment.

• The process by which species evolve into new species.

• The process by which individuals adapt to their environment over time.

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Give an example of natural selection in action.

• Development of flight in birds

• Formation of mountains through tectonic activity

• Evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

• Photosynthesis in plants

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What is adaptation?

• The process of ignoring new conditions or changes in the environment.

• The process of avoiding new conditions or changes in the environment.

• The process of adjusting to new conditions or changes in the environment.

• The process of staying the same despite changes in the environment.

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Explain how adaptations are related to natural selection.

• Adaptations are traits or characteristics that are determined by chance. Natural selection is the process by which individuals with the most offspring survive.

• Adaptations are traits or characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.

• Adaptations are traits or characteristics that are acquired during an organism's lifetime. Natural selection is the process by which individuals with the most offspring survive.

• Adaptations are traits or characteristics that are only found in humans. Natural selection is the process by which individuals with the most offspring survive.

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What is population genetics?

• The study of genetic variation within families.

• The study of genetic variation within individuals.

• The study of genetic variation within and between populations.

• The study of genetic variation within species.

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How does gene flow affect population genetics?

• Gene flow only introduces new genetic variations in small populations.

• Gene flow has no effect on genetic variations in populations.

• Gene flow increases genetic differentiation between populations.

• Gene flow introduces new genetic variations and reduces genetic differentiation between populations.

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Define Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

• Genetic equilibrium in a population where allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.

• Genetic equilibrium in a population where allele frequencies are influenced by genetic drift.

• Genetic equilibrium in a population where allele frequencies are determined by natural selection.

• Genetic equilibrium in a population where allele frequencies change from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.

What are the five conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• Small population size, No migration, No mutation, Random mating, No natural selection

• Large population size, High migration rate, High mutation rate, Random mating, No natural selection

• Large population size, No migration, High mutation rate, Random mating, No natural selection

• Large population size, No migration, No mutation, Random mating, No natural selection

What is gene flow?

• Mutation of genetic material in a population

• Movement of genes within a single population

• Exchange of genetic information between individuals

• Transfer of genetic material between populations

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How does gene flow impact genetic diversity in a population?

• Gene flow only impacts genetic diversity in small populations.

• Gene flow decreases genetic diversity in a population.

• Gene flow increases genetic diversity in a population.

• Gene flow has no impact on genetic diversity in a population.

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