Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition

What does language acquisition require?

• Conscious grammatical rules and tedious drill

• Meaningful interaction in the target language

• Forcing and correcting production

• Early production in the second language

What is the crucial ingredient for language acquisition?

• Conscious grammatical rules

• Low anxiety situations

• Forcing and correcting production

• Comprehensible input

Which methods are considered the best for language acquisition?

• Methods that supply comprehensible input in low anxiety situations

• Methods that focus on conscious grammatical rules

• Methods that force early production in the second language

• Methods that correct production at all times

What is the role of conversations with native speakers in language acquisition?

• They are not helpful

• They are helpful only if the native speakers correct all mistakes

• They are helpful only if the native speakers force early production

• They are very helpful in helping the acquirer understand

What is the Acquisition-Learning hypothesis?

• There is no distinction between acquisition and learning

• Acquisition is the subconscious process of language acquisition, while learning is the conscious process

• Acquisition is the conscious process of language acquisition, while learning is the subconscious process

• Acquisition and learning are the same process

What is the role of the 'monitor' in language acquisition?

• The 'monitor' initiates the utterances in the target language

• The 'monitor' performs the role of planning, editing, and correcting

• The 'monitor' is responsible for comprehensible input

• The 'monitor' is responsible for natural communication

What does the Input hypothesis explain?

• How the learner acquires a second language

• How the learner learns grammar rules

• How the learner produces correct utterances

• How the learner corrects mistakes

What variables play a role in second language acquisition according to the Affective Filter hypothesis?

• Motivation, self-confidence, anxiety, and personality traits

• Grammar rules, vocabulary, pronunciation, and fluency

• Comprehensible input, communicative acts, language proficiency, and language skills

• Listening, speaking, reading, and writing

What does the Natural Order hypothesis suggest?

• The order in which grammar rules are taught is important for language acquisition

• The order in which grammatical structures are acquired is predictable

• The order in which vocabulary is learned affects language acquisition

• The order in which language skills are developed determines language proficiency

What is the role of grammar in language acquisition according to Krashen?

• Grammar is essential for language acquisition

• Grammar has no role in language acquisition

• Grammar can have general educational advantages but does not lead to communicative proficiency

• Grammar is the most important aspect of language acquisition