Biology Q2 Exam Review

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop.

  

Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

• Because internal or external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

• Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development

• Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins

• Because ehemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes

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A model of DNA is shown.

Which part of the DNA model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information?

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A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram.

Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled x?

• Nucleotide

• Phosphate group

• Hydrogen bond

• Deoxyribose

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

 

3' AGGTCAGGT 5'

 

What of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

• 5' AGGTCAGGT 3'

• 5' ACCUGAGGU 3'

• 5' TGGACTGGA 3'

• 5' TCCAGTCCA 3'

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait.  What is the genetic basis of coat color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas

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Which statement best describes a similarity among trees, cats, and amoebas?

• They are prokaryotic organisms

• They are classified as members of the same kingdom

• They have genomes that consist of the same number of genes

• They contain DNA comprised of the same four types of nucleotides

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A partial DNA segment and an mRNA codon chart are shown.

What amino acid sequence is encoded in the partial DNA segment?

• Serine - Threonine - Tyrosine

• Serine - Serine - Tyrosine

• Serine - Threonine - Methionine

• Serine - Alanine - Methionine

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Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis.  Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

• The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

A template DNA strand is provided. What is the complementary mRNA strand that would be produced through the process of transcription?

5' AGGTCGTAA 3'

E. coli has three genes that each code for different enzymes that break down lactose.  Scientists conducted investigations about the production of these enzymes using samples of E. coli.  Their results are shown in the table.

Which conclusion about the production of the enzymes can be determined by analyzing the scientists' results?

• Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the temperature of the lactose.

• The genes for the enzymes were expressed in equal amounts during both experiments.

• Gene expression for the enzymes was controlled by the presence of lactose.

• The genes for the enzymes were mutated before being expressed by the presence of lactose.

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