Adaptation and survival of the fittest

What does fitness describe according to Darwin?

• How fast an organism can run

• How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

• How big an organism can grow

• How many friends an organism has

What happens to individuals that are well adapted to their environment?

• They become lazy

• They become nocturnal

• They migrate to a different environment

• They can survive and reproduce and have high fitness

What is the difference in rates of survival and reproduction called?

• Survival of the smartest

• Survival of the strongest

• Survival of the fittest

• Survival of the fastest

In evolutionary terms, what does survival mean?

• Reproducing and passing adaptations on to the next generation

• Eating a lot of food

• Sleeping for long hours

• Hiding from predators

What happens to individuals that are not well suited to their environment?

• They become famous

• They die without reproducing or leave few offspring and have low fitness

• They become scientists

• They become leaders

What did Darwin study regarding changes produced by plant and animal breeders?

• Photosynthesis and respiration
• Genetic engineering and cloning
• Natural selection and evolution
• Selective breeding and hybridization

What did Darwin conclude about variations that can be passed on from parents to offspring?

• Variations are not heritable
• Variations are determined by the offspring
• Variations are only passed on through artificial selection
• Variations can be passed on from parents to offspring through natural selection.

What process did Darwin call the selective breeding carried out by humans?

• random assortment
• natural selection
• artificial selection
• genetic modification

In artificial selection, what do humans do with organisms that have desired variations?

• Selective breeding to propagate desired traits.
• Randomly mix genes
• Expose them to extreme conditions
• Ignore them completely

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection according to Darwin's theory?

a. Random selection of plants for breeding

b. Birds adapting to their environment

c. Livestock breeding

d. Letting nature take its course in breeding processes

• b. Fish adapting to their environment
• a. Selecting plants based on their color for breeding
• d. Introducing new species into an ecosystem
• c