Ch. 6/8/10/14 Review

Learning that occurs when a neutral
stimulus becomes associated with
a stimulus that naturally produces a
behavior

• Habituation

• Latent Learning

• Classical Conditioning

• Positive Reinforcement

A neutral stimulus that, after repeated
pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, evokes a response
similar to that triggered by the unconditioned stimulus.

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Response

The acquired response to the formerly
neutral stimulus.

• Acquisition

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Response

• Unconditioned Response

After a pause, when the conditioned stimulus is again presented alone, the behavior may again occur
and then again show extinction.

• Habituation

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Fixed-Ratio Schedule

• Variable-Ratio Schedule

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar but not identical

• Discrimination

• Sensory Adaptation

• Phobia

• Shaping

Process of guiding an organism’s behavior to the desired outcome through the
use of successive approximations to a final desired behavior

• Learning

• Habituation

• Shaping

• Positive Reinforcement

Neutral event that has become associated with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning

• Secondary Reinforcer

• Negative Stimulus

• Positive Stimulus

• Negative Reinforcement

A process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to obtain rewards and avoid punishments

(Hint: A lab rat completes a maze to receive a piece of cheese at the end)

• Classical Conditioning

• Latent Learning

• Conditioned Response

• Operant Conditioning

When a neutral stimulus becomes linked to a conditioned stimulus, this is known as...

• Operant Conditioning

• Generalization

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Higher-Order Conditioning

The sudden understanding of a solution to a problem is known as:

• conditioned response

• insight

• latent learning

• shaping