apes Chapter 15,16, and 17

What is the central case study of Chapter 15 about?

• The impact of climate change on freshwater systems

• The use of renewable energy in West Texas

• Fracking and its impact on fresh water in West Texas

• The history of water rights in the American West

Why are conflicts over water likely to get worse in the American West?

• Due to the increase in population and urbanization

• Because of the overuse of water for agriculture

• As a result of climate change leading to more long-term droughts

• Due to the contamination of water sources by industrial waste

What does hydraulic fracturing (fracking) involve?

• Drilling vertically into the Earth and using solar energy to extract oil

• Drilling horizontally into the Earth and using targeted explosions to create fractures in shale

• Using large amounts of water to dissolve minerals and extract natural gas

• Drilling into non-porous shale and using wind energy to extract oil

What percentage of the fracking wells drilled in the United States from 2011 to 2014 were in water-scarce areas?

• One-fourth

• One-half

• Three-fourths

• All of them

What is the fracking industry doing to address the issue of water use?

• Stopping all fracking activities to conserve water

• Developing new techniques that require less water or use briny groundwater

• Importing water from other regions to continue fracking

• Using desalinated ocean water for fracking processes

What percentage of Earth's water is considered fresh water?

• 97.5%

• 2.5%

• 10%

• 50%

What is the term used to describe the area of land drained by a river and all its tributaries?

• Aquifer

• Recharge zone

• Drainage basin

• Floodplain

What is groundwater?

• Water located atop Earth's surface

• Water that falls from the sky as rain

• Water that resides within pores in soil or rock beneath the surface

• Bodies of standing surface water

What is an aquifer?

• A body of standing surface water

• A river system

• Porous, spongelike formations of rock, sand, or gravel that can hold water

• The upper layer of water in the ocean

What is the water table?

• The boundary between zones where water infiltrates Earth's surface and reaches an aquifer.

• The upper layer of an aquifer.

• The lower layer of an aquifer.

• The area where rivers converge.