Soal OSN-K SMA 2024

Kelancaran berlalu lintas di Jakarta merupakan sesuatu hal yang bernilai mahal dan sulit kita rasakan. Kemacetan berdampak negatif terhadap produktivitas dan tingginya biaya produksi.

Berbagai upaya dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengurai kemacetan antara lain adalah dengan memberlakukan pembatasan penggunaan kendaraan pribadi dengan penerapan sistem ganjil genap dan sistem 3 in 1, serta pembangunan MRT dan LRT.

Dampak positif yang diharapkan dari kebijakan tersebut adalah ….

• A. peningkatan penjualan mobil pribadi

  
  

• B. peralihan masyarakat ke moda transportasi publik

  
  

• C. peningkatan keuntungan transportasi online

• D. penambahan ruas jalan raya di Jakarta

• E. pemberian Surat Izin Mengemudi (SIM) harus diperketat

Ajie sold his house for Rp500.000.000,00 that he bought a year ago for Rp500.000.000,00. He says, “at least I didn’t lose my money on my financial investment.”.

His economist friend pointed out that in effect he did lose money, because he could have received at least 5 percent return on the Rp500.000.000,00 if he had bought a bank certificate of deposit instead of a house.

The economist’s analyst in this case incorporates the idea of ….

• A. normative economics

• B. cost productions

• C. opportunity cost

• D. marginal benefit

• E. efficiency

3. Which of the following is a positive economic statement?

• A. If the government increases tax on gasoline, the price people pay for gasoline will rise.

• B. The government should not let the price of gasoline rise, because this would harm poor people.

• C. The government should let the price of gasoline rise, because this would help retired people who own stock in petroleum companies.

• D. The government ought not to control the price of gasoline, because its price should be determined in the free marketplace.

• E. The government increases the gasoline price.

4. Penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018 di Indonesia ternyata memberi dampak positif bagi usaha Bapak Arnold. Sejak ia memutuskan untuk menghentikan produksi pembuatan seragam sekolah dan beralih memproduksi kaos serta pernak-pernik bertema Asian games, orderan terus berdatangan.

Keputusan Bapak Arnold dalam berproduksi menjawab permasalahan ekonomi yang dihadapinya, yaitu ….

• A. what to produce

• B. how to produce

• C. when to produce

• D. for whom to product

• E. where to produce

5. Why does even a free market economy need some government intervention?

• A. To ensure that the government has the freedom to tax as necessary.

• B. To provide things that the marketplace could not provide.

• C. So that the government has some control over factor resources.

• D. To ensure that the government can fulfill its needs for military personnel.

  
  

• E. To eliminate unemployment.

6. A government sets quotas and prints and distributes posters to inspire workers to increase their productivity.

In which type of economy would this most likely take place ….

• A. traditional system

• B. market system

• C. mixed system

• D. syariah system

• E. command system

7. PT. Java Image memproduksi sepatu dengan mengeluarkan biaya tetap Rp2.000.000,00 dan biaya variabel rata-rata Rp800.000,00.

Apabila perusahaan tersebut menetapkan harga jual Rp1.000.000,00 per unit, maka berapa produksi minimal yang harus dicapai untuk mencapai titik impas adalah ….

• A. 10 unit

• B. 100 unit

• C. 200 unit

• D. 200.000 unit

• E. 1.000.000 unit

8. How do industries under monopolistic competition resemble those in pure competition?

• A. Differentiated products are produced in both market structures.

  
  

• B. In the long run, industries in both market structures earn high economic profits.

• C. Industries in both market structures are price searchers as opposed to price takers.

• D. In both market structures, barriers to entry are weak or do not exist.

• E. Industries in both market structures consist of only a few firms.

9. Diketahui suatu fungsi permintaan dinyatakan dengan Qd = 50.000 – 3P dan fungsi penawaran Qs = -20.000 + 5P, pemerintah menetapkan pajak sebesar Rp500,00 per unit.

Berdasarkan data tersebut harga keseimbangan setelah pajak ….

• A. 8.750

• B. 9.062,5

• C. 22.812,5

• D. 23.750

• E. 30.000

10. Apabila diketahui pada saat harga barang “X” naik dari 1.200 per unit menjadi 1.500 per unit dan fungsi permintaan yang berlaku Q = 10 P-1000.

Maka sifat koefisien elastisitas permintaannya adalah ....

• A. elastis

• B. inelastis

• C. elastis uniter

• D. elastis sempurna

• E. inelastis sempurna