4.3 Formation of Stars and Galaxies: A Cosmic Journey

What primary elements were formed shortly after the Big Bang?

• Nitrogen and Sulfur

• Hydrogen and Helium

• Iron and Silicon

• Oxygen and Carbon

According to Einstein's theory, what effect do objects with mass have on spacetime?

• They create a vacuum

• They induce curvature

• They emit light

• They generate heat

What happens when a gas cloud reaches hydrostatic equilibrium?

• It collapses immediately

• It remains stable

• It begins to expand

• It disperses into space

What is the Jeans mass?

• The minimal mass for a black hole

• The mass needed for a star to form

• The mass of a typical galaxy

• The mass of a neutron star

What is a protostar?

• A temporary stable star-forming object

• A collapsing gas cloud

• A fully formed star

• A type of planet

What triggers the reionization in surrounding nebulae?

• Supernovae

• Collisions of galaxies

• Black holes

• Radiation from new stars

How do massive stars influence their surroundings?

• By cooling down rapidly

• By absorbing dark matter

• By exerting gravitational pull

• By emitting visible light

What defines a dwarf galaxy?

• A galaxy with about 100 million to a couple billion stars

• A galaxy with no stars

• A galaxy larger than the Milky Way

• A galaxy with billions of stars

What is the primary factor in the formation of galaxies?

• Gravitational forces

• Thermal energy

• Nuclear fusion

• Electromagnetic forces

What role does dark matter play in the universe?

• It influences the formation of galaxies

• It is only a theoretical construct

• It emits large amounts of radiation

• It slows down star formation