WJEC Criminology Unit 4 AC2.1 (External forms of social control

What is the primary purpose of external forms of social control?

• To punish individuals harshly for minor infractions

• To ensure individuals conform to societal expectations and rules

• To reward individuals randomly without any specific criteria

• To monitor individuals secretly without their knowledge

Which theory of behavior reinforcement is linked to the concept of agencies of social control providing both punishments and rewards?

• Freud's theory of psychoanalysis

• Pavlov's classical conditioning

• Skinner's operant learning theory

• Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Which agency of the criminal justice system has the power to stop, search, arrest, detain, and question suspects?

• The CPS

• Judges and Magistrates

• The Prison Service

• The Police

What can Judges and Magistrates do in the criminal justice system?

• Detain prisoners

• Bail the accused or remand them in custody

• Prosecute suspects in court

• Stop, search, and arrest suspects

What is the role of the Prison Service in the criminal justice system?

• Charge and prosecute suspects

• Bail the accused

• Detain prisoners and punish misbehavior

• Stop and search suspects

What is coercion in the context of the criminal justice system?

• The use of rewards to control behavior

• The use of force or pressure to make someone conform to laws

• The process of detaining individuals

• The act of prosecuting suspects

How does fear of punishment function as a form of social control?

• It offers rewards for good behavior

• It uses positive reinforcement techniques

• It involves the threat of force if laws are not obeyed

• It relies on public opinion to enforce laws

According to right realists, what primarily deters individuals from committing crimes?

• Social bonds

• Fear of punishment

• Personal morals

• Education level

What is the main question that control theorists focus on in criminology?

• Why do people commit crimes?

• Why do people obey the law?

• How can crime be prevented?

• What are the effects of crime on society?

According to Travis Hirschi, what is a key factor that prevents people from deviating from societal norms?

• Fear of legal consequences

• Social bonds to society

• Economic incentives

• Government policies