PSYC002 Final Review

What is the name for the tendency of organisms to attempt to maintain a balanced or constant internal state via reducing their needs?

• Equilibrium

• Homeodynamics

• Thermoregulation

• Homeostasis

How can you attempt to change a behavior through operant conditioning?

• By observing the behavior without intervention

• By punishing all behaviors equally

• By rewarding unwanted behaviors

• By responding to the behavior with a reward or a punishment

What are the classic steps in The Scientific Method?

• Identify a problem, create a solution, implement the solution, analyze results

• Develop a theory, test the theory, report findings, conclude the study

• Define variables, gather data, test the hypothesis, publish results

• Make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, and conduct an experiment

Describe one typical difference in learning between young children and adults.

• Adults learn better through play, while children prefer lectures

• Children have a lower capacity for language acquisition

• Adults are more likely to learn through trial and error than children

• Children learn many new skills simultaneously, while adults typically learn one skill at a time

What is a problem that cognitive biases can help address?

• Enhancing memory recall

• Improving physical coordination

• Increasing attention span

• Information overload

What is the term for a time within an organism’s lifespan in which it is more susceptible to environmental influences or stimulation than at other times during its life?

• Growth period

• Developmental window

• Learning phase

• Critical period

The case of Genie Wiley and other similar instances have provided the most information about the critical periods for what cognitive process?

• Motor development

• Visual perception

• Emotional regulation

• Language development

What types of questions are twin studies particularly helpful in answering?

• The impact of early childhood education

• The influence of diet on health

• The development of cultural norms

• Nature vs. nurture

Which of the following is a correct difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

• Fluid intelligence involves memory, while crystallized intelligence involves learning speed

• Fluid intelligence improves with age, while crystallized intelligence declines

• Fluid intelligence is linked to creativity; crystallized intelligence is linked to motor skills

• Fluid intelligence describes problem-solving abilities; crystallized intelligence describes acquired knowledge

What is the Flynn Effect?

• A decline in average IQ scores over time

• A genetic predisposition for higher intelligence

• An increase in individual test scores after repeated testing

• The long-term increase in average scores on standardized intelligence tests over time