UNIT 1 - Scientific Foundations of Psychology

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What is hindsight bias?

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Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome beforehand. An example is when someone claims they knew the answer to a question after seeing the answer.

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What is a disadvantage of surveys in psychological research?

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A disadvantage of surveys is that people may not tell the truth, leading to inaccurate data.

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Which field of psychology focuses on the process of thinking?

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Cognitive psychology focuses on the process of thinking, including perception, memory, and problem-solving.

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What type of psychologist studies changes in intelligence associated with aging?

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A developmental psychologist studies the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging.

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In an experiment, what is the independent variable?

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The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In dieting studies, the different dieting approaches are the independent variable.

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Define cognitive psychology.

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Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and decision-making.

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What is the role of a developmental psychologist?

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A developmental psychologist studies the psychological growth and changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan.

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What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

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The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment, which is affected by the independent variable.

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What is the purpose of basic research in psychology?

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The purpose of basic research is to increase our understanding of fundamental psychological processes without immediate practical application.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

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Qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts and experiences, while quantitative research involves numerical data and statistical analysis.