Why Genetic Engineering Can’t Do Everything (Yet)

The video explores the complexities of working with genetic material, highlighting challenges in sequencing bird and potato genomes due to unique genetic structures. It discusses the difficulties in identifying certain genes in birds and the tetraploid nature of potato chromosomes. The video also covers breakthroughs in genetically modifying ticks, showcasing innovative techniques to overcome biological barriers. Overall, it emphasizes the intricate nature of genetics and the creative solutions scientists employ to advance genetic research.

What are the building blocks of DNA that form its four-letter code?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

Why do bird genomes present a special challenge in genetic sequencing?

• Birds have more chromosomes than other vertebrates.

• Bird DNA has a unique chemical composition that complicates sequencing.

• Birds have fewer genes than expected.

• Bird genomes are larger than those of other animals.

What was a significant finding about the chicken genome when it was first sequenced?

• It had more genes than expected.

• It was identical to the human genome.

• It lacked over 2,000 genes found in other vertebrates.

• It contained no GC base pairs.

What is the main reason potato genome sequencing is challenging?

• Potatoes are tetraploid, having four copies of each chromosome.

• Potatoes are diploid like humans.

• Potatoes have a high number of chromosomes.

• Potatoes have a simple genetic structure.

How did researchers overcome the challenge of sequencing potato genomes?

• By using advanced computer algorithms.

• By sequencing potato leaves instead of tubers.

• By analyzing potato pollen grains with pairs of chromosomes.

• By increasing the number of sequencing machines.

What makes tick eggs difficult to genetically modify?

• They develop too quickly.

• They have a protective wax coating and high internal pressure.

• They lack a hard outer membrane.

• They are too small to handle.

What breakthrough method was used to modify tick DNA?

• Using a laser to penetrate the egg shell.

• Using chemical solvents to dissolve the egg shell.

• Removing the wax-producing organ from ticks.

• Injecting DNA directly into adult ticks.