Living Environment Regents Cell and Transport

The diagram below represents a cell in water.  Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown.  Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell.

Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?

• The concentration of O₂ will increase inside the cell.
• The concentration of CO₂ will remain the same inside the cell.
• The concentration of O₂ will remain the same outside the cell.
• The concentration of CO₂ will decrease outside the cell.

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The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?

• Glucose would diffuse into the cell.
• Protein would diffuse out of the cell.
• Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.
• Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.

An ameba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process the digested food. From this, we can best infer that

• all single-celled organisms have lysosomes to digest food

• amebas are capable of digesting any type of food molecule

• single-celled organisms are as complex as multicellular organisms

• structures in amebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

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The picture below is an example of _________________.

• osmosis
• isotonic
• diffusion
• active transport

The life process synthesis is when

• Organic molecules are broken down to simpler molecules
• Simple molecules are made into larger molecules

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Which structures are listed in order from the least complex to the most complex? (This question is always on the Regents in some form - it is asking about complexity - organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles.) Hint: always pay attention to if they are asking for least to most or most to least complex!

• plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bush
• chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bush
• chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bush
• rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast  

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Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function?

• cell membrane—storage of hereditary information
• chloroplast—transport of materials
• ribosome—synthesis of proteins
• vacuole—production of ATP

Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.

• Lysosomes
• Nucleus
• ribosomes
• Mitochondria

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What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP by the process of aerobic respiration (pay attention to what the organelle looks like!!)?

• Ribosomes
• Vesicles
• Cytoskeleton
• Mitochondria

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Which type of transport requires an input of energy?

• Passive Transport
• Osmosis
• Simple Diffusion
• Active Transport

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