Laws of Thermodynamics

Why is water often used as a coolant in automobiles, other than the fact that it is abundant?

• Water expands very little as it is heated.
• The freezing temperature of water has a relatively large value.
• The specific heat of water is relatively small and its temperature can be rapidly decreased.
• The specific heat of water is relatively large and it can store a great deal of thermal energy.
• Water does not easily change into a gas.

Heat is added to a substance, but its temperature does not increase. Which one of the following statements provides the best explanation for this observation?

• The substance has unusual thermal properties.
• The substance must be cooler than its environment.
• The substance must be a gas.
• The substance must be an imperfect solid.
• The substance undergoes a change of phase.

Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that…

• the entropy of the universe is increasing.
• entropy is a function of the state of a system.
• heat is a form of energy.
• the change in the internal energy of a system is given by Q − W.
• two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in equilibrium with each other.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

When applying the first law of thermodynamics to a system, when is heat a positive quantity?

• when the system does work
• when the system has work done on it
• when the system absorbs heat
• when the system loses heat
• when no work is done either on the system or by the system

Which one of the following phrases correctly describes an adiabatic process?

• no loss of energy occurs
• no transfer of energy as heat
• no change in temperature occurs
• no change in system volume occurs
• no change in system pressure occurs

The product of the pressure and volume of a system  has the same SI units as which one of the following choices?

• force
• work
• acceleration
• momentum
• impulse

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as heat and

• mass

• work done

• force

• pressure

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

• Zeroth law of thermodynamics

• Law of heat addition

• Principle of entropy

• Conservation of energy

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on

• Volume and temperature

• Pressure and temperature

• Volume

• Temperature only

The internal energy change in a system that has absorbed 2Kcal of heat and done 500J of work is

• 7900J

• 8900J

• 6400J

• 5400J

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1