Ecology Maryland

What is an energy source for the producers in an ecosystem?

• autotroph

• fungi

• heterotroph

• sunlight

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A snake eats a frog that has eaten a n insect that fed on a plant. What is the trophic level of the snake?

• primary producer

• secondary consumer

• tertiary consumer

• quaternary consumer

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Which activity of primary consumers returns carbon to the atmosphere?

• The breakdown of carbon compounds during the process of digestion

• the release of carbon dioxide during the process of respiration

• the generation of carbon-containing waste that is used by decomposers

• the transfer of carbon in various forms when food is consumed by consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

An energy pyramid is given. Which statement best explains why the energy pyramid is narrower at the top?

• Organisms at the higher levels have less energy available to them than organisms at the lower levels

• Organisms at the higher levels use a narrower range of environmental resources than organisms at the lower levels.

• Organisms at the higher levels are more efficient at utilizing energy from sunlight than organisms at the lower levels

• Organisms at the higher levels are larger and require less energy per unit of body mass that organisms at the lower levels.

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Which example best represents habituation?

• A squirrel in a city park does not run away from humans

• A man wear sunglasses to protect his eyes from the brightness of the sun

• A male cat responds to the female's mating calls

• A rabbit returns to the same area to seek food

Once sea turtles hatch in the sand dunes, they wait until the sand cools and then crawl toward the light of the horizon which directs them into the ocean water. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

• It is an innate behavior that the baby turtles did not have to be taught

• the baby turtles learned the path to the ocean water by trial and error

• The baby turtles imprinted on the moonlight as it moved across the beach

• Through conditioning the baby turtles knew that food would be in the ocean

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

The diagram shows how a grasshopper undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. Which essential life processes are illustrated?

• digestion and excretion

• growth and development

• synthesis and respiration

• transport and regulation

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

A tapeworm is found in a young man's intestines. The tapeworm feeds from the food ingested by the man ad deprives him of nutrients. What relationship does this represent?

• autotrophism

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

Cockroaches provide nourishment for the bacteria living in their abdomens. These bacteria help the cockroach in recycling and storing excess nitrogen that otherwise would be excreted. What type of relationship do cockroaches and bacteria share?

• competition

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

The food web shows organisms living in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. What organism would be considered a top predator in this ecosystem?

• goose

• striped bass

• bald eagle

• zooplankton

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