Nervouse and Endocrine System

Approximately how many neurons do we humans have?

• 10 billion - 70 billion

• 110 billion - 270 billion

• 300 billion - 480 billion

• 80 billion - 110 billion

Which of these is NOT a hormone?

• Insuline

• Tiroxine

• Adrenaline

• Dopamine

Answer explanation

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter

What is the name of the cell specialized in transmitting information in the Nervous System (N.S.)?

• Nephron

• Neuron

• Myocyte

• Glial cells

Answer explanation

Nephron: The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.

Glial cells: Cells that perform the function of support and protection of neurons.

Myocytes: Multinuclear cell of skeletal muscle.

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are subdivisions of the .....

• Peripheral nervous system (SNP)

• Autonomic nervous system (SNA)

• Somatic nervous system (SNS)

• Central nervous system (SNC)

Answer explanation

The Nervous System is divided into:

- SN. Central.

- SN. Peripheral. This in turn is divided into:

SN. Somatic. S

SN. Autonomic. This in turn is divided:

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

What is synapse?

• The process by which a neuron transmits electrical impulses through its axon without the need for chemical or electrical mediators.

• The permanent anatomical connection between two neurons, where nerve impulses are transferred directly by fused cytoplasmic prolongations.

• A functional junction between two neurons or between a neuron and another cell (muscle or gland cell), where the transmission of information occurs by chemical or electrical signals.

• It is the mechanism of passive transport of ions and neurotransmitters across the neuronal membrane, without the intervention of specialized proteins or energy expenditure.

What is the name of the chemical produced by the Endocrine System?

• Mineral

• Hormone

• Monosaccharide

• Amino acid

Answer explanation

Amino acids make up proteins.

Monosaccharides are simple sugars from which carbohydrates are “built”.

The neuroglia is composed of ....

• Astrocitos, Oligodendrocitos, Microglía y Neuronas

• Microglia, Neurons and Astrocytes

• Astrocytes, Neurons, Oligondendrocytes

• Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal Cells and Microglia

Answer explanation

Neuroglia are the cells that help neurons function. They are also called glia.

When the Nervous System acts....

• The performance is fast

• The response is not long-lasting

• The transmission of information occurs through electrical signals

• All of them are correct

What is homeostasis?

• It is the mechanism by which cells eliminate waste substances by active transport, without affecting the internal balance of the organism.

• It is the transformation of chemical energy into thermal energy to enable cell growth and tissue development in multicellular organisms.

• It is the capacity of organisms to regulate and maintain a stable internal equilibrium in the face of external changes, by means of physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

• It is the process by which organisms exchange genetic information with the environment to adapt to changes in their environment.

What are the meninges?

• They are nerve endings responsible for the perception of pain and temperature in the skin.

• They are endocrine glands responsible for regulating the production of neurotransmitters in the brain.

• They are a series of specialized muscles that protect the brain and facilitate its movement within the skull.

• These are membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord, forming part of the central nervous system.

Answer explanation

The meninges are three membranes (dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater) that protect the brain and spinal cord, cushioning shocks and preventing infections.

Fun fact: In some serious infections, such as meningitis, these membranes become inflamed, which can cause symptoms such as fever and stiff neck.