Deviance

Which of the following best defines deviance?

• Behavior that strictly follows societal rules

• A recognized violation of cultural norms

• Any action approved by formal laws

• A rare occurrence in a society

How does the lecture distinguish between deviance and crime?

• Deviance draws attention; crime is accidental.

• Deviance breaks cultural norms; crime breaks laws.

• Crime covers all nonconformity; deviance is minor.

• Deviance happens informally; crime occurs publicly.

According to the lecture, which of the following could be considered a form of deviance?

• Arriving on time to class

• Following all classroom instructions

• Deviating from expected social behavior due to physical traits.

• Adhering to formal laws at all times

Which set of explanations for deviance is covered in the lecture?

• Economic, Political, Cultural

• Technological, Environmental, Genetic

• Biological, Psychological, Sociological

• Historical, Philosophical, Theological

Biological explanations of deviance, as mentioned in the lecture, include theories by:

• Durkheim and Sutherland

• Merton and Lemert

• Cloward and Ohlin

• Lombroso and Sheldon

Psychological explanations for deviance focus primarily on:

• The influence of peers and social institutions

• The role of abnormal personality traits and impulse control

• The economic status of an individual

• Legal sanctions and formal social control

Sociological explanations for deviance emphasize:

• The process of socialization and influence from agents like peers and media.

• Genetic predispositions.

• Abnormal psychological conditions.

• Economic inequality exclusively.

According to Durkheim’s structural-functional analysis, one function of deviance is to:

• Disrupt societal order

• Encourage individuals to avoid all nonconforming behavior

• Reinforce cultural values and moral boundaries

• Eliminate differences in society

Durkheim also argued that deviance can:

• Serve as a catalyst for social change

• Be entirely ignored by formal social control mechanisms

• Isolate individuals without any positive social function

• Only negatively affect social unity

Social control, as defined in the lecture, refers to:

• Techniques used exclusively in criminal investigations

• The economic control exerted by government institutions

• Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviors

• Methods by which society encourages only deviant behavior