Evidence based practice quiz

Define the evidence based practice

• clinical expertise

• patient expectation

• method of decision-making

• clinical experience

Answer explanation

Evidence-based practice is a method of decision-making that integrates clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence. It emphasizes using the best available information to guide healthcare decisions.

There are five step of evidence based practice process

• TRUE

• FALSE

Answer explanation

The statement is TRUE because the evidence-based practice process typically consists of five steps: asking a question, acquiring evidence, appraising the evidence, applying the evidence, and assessing the outcome.

1. Which study design provides the strongest evidence for causality?

• a) Cross-sectional study

• b) Case-control study

• c) Cohort study

• d) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Answer explanation

d) Randomized controlled trial (RCT) provides the strongest evidence for causality because it randomly assigns participants to groups, minimizing bias and allowing for direct comparison of outcomes.

Which of the following study designs is retrospective by nature?

• a) Cohort study

  x

• b) Case-control study

• c) Randomized controlled trial

• d) Cross-sectional study

Answer explanation

The case-control study is retrospective as it looks back at existing data to compare individuals with a condition (cases) to those without (controls). In contrast, cohort studies and randomized trials are typically prospective.

A systematic review differs from a meta-analysis because:

• a) A systematic review summarizes multiple studies without statistical combination

  x

• b) A systematic review always includes randomized controlled trials

  c

• c) A meta-analysis does not involve statistical techniques

• d) A systematic review collects primary data

Answer explanation

A systematic review summarizes multiple studies without combining their results statistically, while a meta-analysis involves statistical techniques to synthesize data from those studies.

Which of the following represents the lowest level of evidence?

• a) Cohort study

• b) Case report

• c) Systematic review

• d) Randomized controlled trial

Answer explanation

A case report represents the lowest level of evidence as it focuses on a single patient or a small group, lacking the rigor of larger studies like cohort studies or randomized controlled trials.

5. In the hierarchy of evidence, which type of study is considered the best source for treatment efficacy?

• a) Expert opinion

• b) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

• c) Case-control study

• d) Cohort study

Answer explanation

The best source for treatment efficacy in the hierarchy of evidence is the randomized controlled trial (RCT), as it minimizes bias and provides the most reliable results compared to other study types.

6. A researcher wants to examine the link between Diet Coca Cola consumption and obesity by asking participants about their current Coca Cola intake and BMI. What study design is being used?

• a) Cohort study

• b) Case-control study

• c) Cross-sectional study

• d) Randomized controlled trial

Answer explanation

The study design is cross-sectional because the researcher is assessing Diet Coca Cola intake and BMI at a single point in time, rather than following participants over time or comparing different groups.

Which of the following best describes a cohort study?

• a) It follows a group of people over time to observe the development of a condition.

• b) It compares people with a disease to those without the disease.

• c) It randomly assigns participants to intervention and control groups.

• d) It collects data at one point in time.

Answer explanation

A cohort study is characterized by following a group of people over time to observe the development of a condition, making option a) the correct choice. The other options describe different study designs.

A systematic review that includes only randomized controlled trials provides which level of evidence?

• a) Low

• b) Moderate

• c) High

• d) Very low

Answer explanation

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials is considered to provide high-level evidence due to its rigorous methodology and ability to minimize bias, making option c) High the correct choice.