Which of the following is most characteristic of stuttering rather than cluttering?

• Excessive revisions and interjections

• Lack of awareness of speech breakdowns

• Secondary behaviors such as eye blinking

• Fast and irregular speech rate

Cluttering is most accurately described as:

• A fluency disorder characterized by rapid, disorganized speech

• A fluency disorder caused by anxiety and stress

• A motor speech disorder involving apraxia of speech

• A form of neurogenic stuttering following TBI

Which of the following is typically included in a comprehensive assessment for stuttering?

• Oral motor exam and language sample only

• Standardized articulation test

• Pure tone hearing screening only

• Speech sample analysis, SSI-4, and client interview

Which therapy approach is most aligned with reducing avoidance and negative feelings about stuttering?

• Auditory bombardment

• Stuttering modification

• Articulation therapy

• Fluency shaping

A distinguishing feature of cluttering, but not typically stuttering, is:

• Word repetitions

• Presence of secondary behaviors

• Lack of concern or awareness about disfluency

• Tension during disfluencies

Which of the following is NOT a core behavior of stuttering?

• Prolongations

• Blocks

• Repetitions

• Interjections

Which tool is commonly used to quantify stuttering severity in children and adults?

• CELF-5

• SSI-4

• GFTA-3

• PPVT-5

Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment goal for a school-aged child who stutters?

• Reduce expressive vocabulary delay

• Eliminate all disfluencies during reading tasks

• Increase use of voluntary stuttering in conversation

• Improve oral motor strength

A person who stutters reports fear of speaking in class, avoids certain words, and has frequent blocks. This profile best fits which type of stuttering behavior?

• Neurogenic stuttering

• Psychogenic stuttering

• Covert stuttering

• Cluttering

Which of the following is a recommended strategy when working with a client who clutters?

• Focus on increasing speech rate

• Emphasize pausing and phrasing techniques

• Ignore listener feedback and self-awareness

• Use only fluency shaping techniques