HIV/AIDS Pathology

Which virus is most commonly associated with AIDS?

• HIV-1

• HIV-2

• Influenza

• Hepatitis B

What is a primary mode of HIV transmission?

• Direct inoculation with infected blood, body fluids, or secretions

• Airborne droplets

• Contaminated food

• Mosquito bites

Which cells are primarily targeted by HIV, leading to immune dysfunction?

• CD4 (T-helper) cells

• Red blood cells

• B cells

• Platelets

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of HIV?

• High blood pressure

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Diarrhea

What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission per exposure through receptive vaginal sex?

• 0.08%

• 1.38%

• 5%

• 10%

Which step is NOT part of the HIV pathogenesis process?

• Rapid viral dissemination

• Partial immune response

• Viral sequestration in lymph nodes

• Destruction of red blood cells

Which class of antiretroviral drugs inhibits reverse transcriptase by causing chain termination?

• NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)

• Protease Inhibitors

• Integrase Inhibitors

• NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitors)

What is a common side effect of mitochondrial toxicity from NRTIs?

• Lactic acidosis

• Hypertension

• Rash

• Insomnia

Which antiretroviral drug class prevents the integration of viral DNA into the host genome?

• Integrase Inhibitors

• Protease Inhibitors

• NRTIs

• NNRTIs

Why should polyvalent cations (such as Ca, Mg, Al) be avoided with integrase inhibitors?

• They interfere with drug absorption

• They increase toxicity

• They cause allergic reactions

• They enhance viral replication