TAR UMT: TOPIC 2 (PART 2)

What was the primary focus of Scientific Management as introduced by Frederick Taylor?

• Human motivation and teamwork

• Employee empowerment

• Task efficiency and productivity

• Social interaction in the workplace

The Hawthorne Studies concluded that productivity improved mainly because:

• Workers were paid more

• Lighting conditions were ideal

• Workers felt valued and observed

• Managers used punishment

Which of the following best describes Theory X?

• Workers seek responsibility and self-direction

• Workers dislike work and prefer to be directed

• Workers naturally want to contribute and grow

• Workers want to challenge authority

Which approach applies psychology and sociology to understand workplace behavior?

• Scientific Management

• Classical Perspective

• Behavioral Sciences Approach

• Systems Thinking

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of Total Quality Management (TQM)?

• Benchmarking

• Focus on customer

• Centralized authority

• Continuous improvement

The human relations movement believed that effective control comes from strict external authority.

• True

• False

Abraham Maslow introduced a hierarchy of needs to understand employee motivation.

• True

• False

The contingency view suggests that one universal management solution fits all organizations.

• True

• False

Entropy refers to the improvement of a system through adaptation.

• True

• False

According to Douglas McGregor, Theory X assumes workers dislike __________ and avoid responsibility.