Marshall Plan & Postwar Europe

After World War II ended in 1945, ​ (a)   was left in ruins. Cities were destroyed, economies were weak, and millions of people were displaced. Two countries emerged as ​ (b)   —the ​ (c)   and the ​ (d)   —and both wanted to shape the postwar world. This led to growing tensions that would soon become known as the ​ (e)   , a period of rivalry and conflict without direct fighting between the two superpowers.

• United States
• Soviet Union
• superpowers
• Cold War
• Europe
• Germany
• multinational organizations

What was the US strategy to stop communism from spreading called?

• Expansionism

• Containment

• Isolationism

• Appeasement

Europe became divided between the ​ (a)   West and the ​ (b)   East. Eastern Europe fell under ​ Soviet control, while Western Europe aligned with the ​ US and other democracies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described this divide as the ​ (c)   , separating free and unfree countries. One symbol of this division was the division of ​ (d)   , a city split into East (Soviet-controlled) and West (US, British, and French-controlled). In 1948, the Soviets blocked access to West Berlin, leading to the ​ (e)   , where the US and its allies flew in supplies for almost a year to support the people living there.

• communist
• Iron Curtain
• Berlin
• democratic
• Berlin Airlift
• USSR
• Berlin Wall

What was the main goal of the Marshall Plan introduced by the US after World War II?

• To rebuild cities, improve economies, and strengthen democracies in Western Europe

• To divide Europe into separate economic zones

• To establish military bases throughout Europe

• To punish Germany and its allies for the war

The Truman Doctrine promised that the US would support nations resisting ________, especially in places like Greece and Turkey.

• communism

• fascism

• imperialism

• monarchy

To protect Western Europe, the US and 11 other countries formed ​ (a)   (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in 1949. It was a ​ (b)   promising ​ (c)   if any member was attacked. In response, the Soviets and their allies formed the ​ (d)   in 1955. These alliances deepened the divide between East and West.

• NATO
• military alliance
• mutual defense
• Warsaw Pact
• United Nations
• peace commitments

Which military alliance was formed by the US and 11 other countries in 1949 to protect Western Europe?

• Warsaw Pact

• NATO

• United Nations

• League of Nations

In response to NATO, what alliance did the Soviets and their allies form in 1955?

• Warsaw Pact

• European Union

• United Nations

• SEATO

What was the main purpose of George C. Marshall's speech at Harvard University?

• To announce a new military alliance

• To outline a plan for economic recovery in Europe

• 
  To declare war on foreign governments

• To promote American cultural values

Efforts to promote peace and cooperation led to the creation of the ________ in 1945, aimed at preventing future global conflicts.

• United Nations

• League of Nations

• European Union

• NATO