The History of Prisons

Which term refers to the system of punishment where offenders are sent to isolated facilities as a form of correction?

• Probation

• Incarceration

• Parole

• Restitution

What is the name of the famous prison located on an island in San Francisco Bay, known for housing notorious criminals?

• Alcatraz

• Sing Sing

• Tower of London

• Bastille

Who was a prominent figure in the prison reform movement in 19th-century England, advocating for better conditions for inmates?

• Elizabeth Fry

• Florence Nightingale

• Emmeline Pankhurst

• Mary Wollstonecraft

Which type of punishment involves requiring offenders to perform unpaid work for the community as part of their sentence?

• Solitary confinement

• Community service

• Capital punishment

• Corporal punishment

Which document, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, established basic human rights that should be protected in all prisons?

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Magna Carta

• Bill of Rights

• Geneva Convention

Compare the main differences between early prison systems and modern prison systems in terms of their primary goals.

• Early systems focused on rehabilitation, while modern systems focus on punishment.

• Early systems emphasized punishment and deterrence, while modern systems increasingly focus on rehabilitation and reintegration.

• Both systems have always focused solely on punishment.

• Modern systems are less concerned with inmate rights than early systems.

Explain how the introduction of parole as a prison reform has impacted the prison population.

• It has increased the number of inmates serving life sentences.

• It has allowed for early release of eligible inmates, reducing overcrowding.

• It has led to stricter sentencing laws.

• It has eliminated the need for rehabilitation programs.

Analyze the effectiveness of solitary confinement as a form of punishment in terms of its impact on inmate mental health and rehabilitation.

• It is highly effective for rehabilitation and has no negative effects.

• It often leads to severe psychological issues and hinders rehabilitation.

• It is only used for minor offenses and has little impact.

• It improves inmate behavior and social skills.

Evaluate the role of international human rights organizations in improving prison conditions worldwide. Which of the following best describes their impact?

• They have no influence on prison policies or conditions.

• They provide oversight, advocate for reforms, and help establish minimum standards for humane treatment.

• They only focus on financial support for prisons.

• They enforce laws directly within national prison systems.

Which of the following is a primary goal of restorative justice programs in the context of prison reform?

• To eliminate parole as an option for inmates

• To focus solely on punishment without rehabilitation

• To repair harm by facilitating dialogue between victims and offenders

• To increase prison sentences for all offenders