Central Dogma Intro

Match the images to construct a linear DNA fairy tale.

• DNA with strands longer than longcat

• 
• lived lovely DNA w/ nucleotides of gold

• 
• Once upon a time, in a eukaryotic cell

• 
• this DNA was trapped in a nucleus;

• 
• DNA spent its days replicating with help

• 

Answer explanation

Most of these you should be able to reason out from logic.

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Label this diagram of an animal cell according to the subcellular structures. You should also know the functions! Say those functions out loud to a partner when done.

a

b

c

d

chloroplast

cytoplasm

mitochondria

nucleus

nucleoid

rough endo. reticulum

Answer explanation

There are no chloroplasts in an animal cell, and the DNA is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus (a nucleoid is where the DNA hangs out, but not in a membrane-bound container, in a prokaryote.)

Mitochondria provide energy via ATP.

Nucleus contains the DNA.

Rough endoplasmic is studded with ribosomes, which make protein.

Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions.

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This diagram depicts the cellular locations of the central dogma (aka protein synthesis). Select all true statements, using the diagram and previous knowledge for support.

Groups:

(a) True

,

(b) False

• Transcription converts DNA into RNA through a chemical reaction.

• Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus.

• Proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm.

• Translation converts the message contained in RNA into a functional structure, the protein.

• Translation converts RNA into protein through a chemical reaction.

• Transcription converts the information in DNA into a message in RNA.

Answer explanation

Did you choose 'converts... into a chemical reaction'?

That's a common, expected, designed error here because you are going to make that error later.

Sometimes, an arrow shows 'next step in the process', not just 'chemical reaction'. Here, we are converting messages. The DNA does not change into RNA. Its information is copied over.

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Transcription and translations are processes that ​begin with one molecule, and ​ (a)   into another molecule.

• convert that molecule itself by chemical reaction
• copy the information it contains

CONTRAST transcription and translation by their product, function, and location.

Groups:

(a) Transcription

,

(b) Translation

• in cytoplasm at ribosome

• reads mRNA

• produces mRNA

• in the nucleus

• reads DNA

• produces protein

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Mark the location where ribosomes can be found.

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Distinguish between transcription and translation, using the diagram.

Groups:

(a) Transcription

,

(b) Translation

• Happens second

• Happens first

• Requires DNA to be opened

• Ribosome

• mRNA meets tRNA

• DNA meets mRNA

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Select all true statements, using the diagram and previous knowledge for support.

Groups:

(a) True Statements

,

(b) False Statements

• In translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA at the ribosome.

• Transcription happens first.

• In translation, mRNA brings amino acids to the tRNA at the ribosome.

• Translation happens first.

• In transcription, RNA polymerase copies the information from DNA to RNA.

• In transcription, RNA polymerase copies the information from RNA to DNA.

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Identify the processes of protein synthesis, then study the diagram.

a

b

translation

transfusion

transcription

Answer explanation

Transfusion is what Ingrid gets to help her joint pain; a transfer of red blood cells.

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Partially describe the processes of transcription and translation, based on the molecules involved.

During ​ (a)   the message contained within ​ (b)   is copied into a message in ​ (c)   . This message is written in words of three nucleotide called ​ (d)   . This process happens in the ​ (e)   .

• transcription
• DNA
• mRNA
• codons
• translation
• ribosomes
• cytoplasm
• tRNA
• protein
• nucleus

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