Central Dogma Intro

Match the images to construct a linear DNA fairy tale.

• this DNA was trapped in a nucleus;

• 
• lived lovely DNA w/ nucleotides of gold

• 
• Once upon a time, in a eukaryotic cell

• 
• DNA spent its days replicating with help

• 
• DNA with strands longer than longcat

• 

Answer explanation

Most of these you should be able to reason out from logic.

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Label this diagram of an animal cell according to the subcellular structures. You should also know the functions! Say those functions out loud to a partner when done.

a

b

c

d

cytoplasm

chloroplast

nucleoid

nucleus

rough endo. reticulum

mitochondria

Answer explanation

There are no chloroplasts in an animal cell, and the DNA is organized into a membrane-bound nucleus (a nucleoid is where the DNA hangs out, but not in a membrane-bound container, in a prokaryote.)

Mitochondria provide energy via ATP.

Nucleus contains the DNA.

Rough endoplasmic is studded with ribosomes, which make protein.

Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions.

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This diagram depicts the cellular locations of the central dogma (aka protein synthesis). Select all true statements, using the diagram and previous knowledge for support.

Groups:

(a) True

,

(b) False

• Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus.

• Transcription converts the information in DNA into a message in RNA.

• Proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm.

• Transcription converts DNA into RNA through a chemical reaction.

• Translation converts RNA into protein through a chemical reaction.

• Translation converts the message contained in RNA into a functional structure, the protein.

Answer explanation

Did you choose 'converts... into a chemical reaction'?

That's a common, expected, designed error here because you are going to make that error later.

Sometimes, an arrow shows 'next step in the process', not just 'chemical reaction'. Here, we are converting messages. The DNA does not change into RNA. Its information is copied over.

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Transcription and translations are processes that ​begin with one molecule, and ​ (a)   into another molecule.

• convert that molecule itself by chemical reaction
• copy the information it contains

CONTRAST transcription and translation by their product, function, and location.

Groups:

(a) Transcription

,

(b) Translation

• in cytoplasm at ribosome

• reads DNA

• in the nucleus

• reads mRNA

• produces protein

• produces mRNA

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Mark the location where ribosomes can be found.

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Distinguish between transcription and translation, using the diagram.

Groups:

(a) Transcription

,

(b) Translation

• Requires DNA to be opened

• Ribosome

• mRNA meets tRNA

• DNA meets mRNA

• Happens second

• Happens first

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Select all true statements, using the diagram and previous knowledge for support.

Groups:

(a) True Statements

,

(b) False Statements

• Transcription happens first.

• In translation, mRNA brings amino acids to the tRNA at the ribosome.

• In transcription, RNA polymerase copies the information from DNA to RNA.

• In translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA at the ribosome.

• Translation happens first.

• In transcription, RNA polymerase copies the information from RNA to DNA.

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Identify the processes of protein synthesis, then study the diagram.

a

b

transfusion

transcription

translation

Answer explanation

Transfusion is what Ingrid gets to help her joint pain; a transfer of red blood cells.

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Partially describe the processes of transcription and translation, based on the molecules involved.

During ​ (a)   the message contained within ​ (b)   is copied into a message in ​ (c)   . This message is written in words of three nucleotide called ​ (d)   . This process happens in the ​ (e)   .

• transcription
• DNA
• mRNA
• codons
• translation
• ribosomes
• cytoplasm
• tRNA
• protein
• nucleus

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