Chemistry: Precision and Design Chapter 5 Test T

Match each law with the correct equation. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

• P_total = P₁ + P₂ +

  P₃ + …

• Avogadro’s law

• Graham’s law of diffusion

• Charles’s law

• Dalton’s law of partial pressures

• P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

• Boyle’s law

What is the value of R?

• 8.314 L·kPa/(K·mol)

• 101.325 kPa

• 273.15 K

• 22.7 L/mol

What is the SI unit of pressure?

• bar

• millimeter of mercury

• torr

• pascal

The absorbance A of a solution is related to its concentration c by the equation A / c = εb, where the product εb is constant. You may denote εb as k. So the equation becomes A / c = k. Are absorbance and concentration directly or inversely proportional? What pattern does this equation follow?

• directly proportional;

  x = ky

• directly proportional;

  x = k / y

• inversely proportional;

  x = ky

• inversely proportional;

  x = k / y

Alice is standing 2 m from a sealed container containing two gases, A and B. Gas B has twice the molar mass of gas A. The container is opened, allowing the gases to diffuse. Which gas will reach Alice first?

• Gas A arrives first.

• Gas B arrives first.

• Both arrive at the same time.

• More information is needed to answer.

What is the name for the process of mixing molecules of one substance through another substance by random molecular motion?

• Diffusion

• Effusion

• Dispersion

• Adsorption

What is the pressure of a gas at STP?

• 100 kPa

• 1 kPa

• 10 kPa

• 1010 kPa

What term refers to a gas that exactly obeys the assumptions of the kinetic theory?

• Ideal gas

• Real gas

• Perfect fluid

• Inert gas

Which assumption of the kinetic theory of matter best explains why the volume of a gas is affected by temperature?

• There is negligible attraction between gas molecules.

• The volume of gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the gas.

• Gas molecules undergo elastic collisions.

• The kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to temperature.

When an effervescent tablet is dropped into water, the resulting reaction produces gaseous carbon dioxide. Suppose someone drops an effervescent tablet into a container half-filled with water and then immediately seals the container. Will the pressure of the gas inside the container increase or decrease if the temperature is kept constant? Why?

• Increase; P and n are directly related at constant T and V.

• Increase; P and V are directly related at constant T and n.

• Decrease; P and n are inversely related at constant T and V.

• Decrease; P and V are inversely related at constant T and n.