3.13 Green Revolution

Which phrase best defines industrial agriculture shown with multiple harvesters in uniform rows?

• Random planting patterns to increase biodiversity

• Organic methods with minimal external inputs

• Hand labor and diverse small plot cultivation

• Mechanization and standardization in food production

What is the primary purpose of mechanization in modern farming?

• Increase efficiency and scale of operations

• Reduce the need for irrigation entirely

• Eliminate all fossil fuel consumption

• Guarantee higher nutritional quality

In the United States, approximately how much energy input is required per 1 calorie of food consumed?

• One-half calorie of input energy

• Two calories of input energy

• Ten calories of input energy

• Twenty calories of input energy

Most energy inputs in industrial agriculture come from which source?

• Human muscle power in fieldwork

• Geothermal heat for soil warming

• Solar panels on greenhouse roofs

• Fossil fuel use across farm activities

Which farm activity directly uses fossil fuels through combustion in engines?

• Photosynthesis in crop leaves

• Seed germination in soil

• Composting of plant residues

• Operating tractors and machinery

Which input is an indirect fossil fuel use due to manufacturing and transport energy?

• Rainfall supplying field water

• Sunlight driving plant growth

• Wind pollination of crops

• Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

If a farm reduces irrigation pumping hours by half, which immediate effect on energy use is most likely?

• Higher fertilizer application rates

• Lower fossil fuel or electricity consumption

• Increased transportation distances

• Greater human energy expenditure

Which category receives the largest share of federal food production subsidies in the diagram?

• Vegetables and fruits

• Meat and dairy products

• Nuts and legumes

• Grains and cereals

Which food group receives the smallest subsidy share but is recommended for many servings?

• Vegetables and fruits

• Meat and dairy

• Sugar, oil, salt

• Alcohol and starch

The mismatch between subsidy distribution and nutrition recommendations most likely contributes to which outcome?

• Immediate elimination of processed foods

• Reduced fossil fuel use in transportation

• Universal affordability of fresh produce

• Lower prices for highly subsidized foods