Lung Function and Spirometry Concepts

Spirometry is a test for assessing lung function, used to diagnose and monitor diseases like asthma and COPD. It measures respiratory volumes and capacities, such as tidal volume and vital capacity, using a spirometer. Key parameters include FVC and FEV1, which help differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Restrictive diseases limit lung expansion, while obstructive diseases increase lung resistance, affecting breathing efficiency.

What is the primary purpose of spirometry?

• To measure heart rate

• To diagnose lung diseases

• To assess blood pressure

• To evaluate kidney function

Which device is used to perform a spirometry test?

• Spirometer

• Stethoscope

• Thermometer

• Oximeter

What does tidal volume (TV) measure?

• Air inhaled during maximum effort

• Air exhaled during maximum effort

• Air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing

• Air remaining after maximum exhalation

Which volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation?

• Tidal Volume

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume

• Expiratory Reserve Volume

• Residual Volume

What is vital capacity (VC)?

• The air exhaled with maximum effort after a maximum inhalation

• The air inhaled during normal breathing

• The air remaining in the lungs after a quiet exhalation

• The maximum air inhaled after a quiet exhalation

How is forced vital capacity (FVC) different from slow vital capacity?

• FVC is measured during slow, relaxed breathing

• FVC is measured when breathing out as hard and fast as possible

• FVC is the air inhaled during normal breathing

• FVC is the air remaining after maximum exhalation

What does the FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?

• Blood pressure

• Lung resistance

• Lung volume

• Heart rate

What characterizes restrictive lung diseases?

• Increased heart rate

• Increased lung volumes

• Decreased lung volumes

• Normal lung volumes

What is a common feature of obstructive lung diseases like asthma?

• Decreased heart rate

• Normal or increased total lung capacity

• Decreased total lung capacity

• Increased blood pressure

Which condition is indicated by a lower percentage of air exhaled during the first second of forceful exhalation?

• Obstructive lung disease

• Kidney disease

• Restrictive lung disease

• Heart disease