mTOR Part 1: Activation of mTOR and Overall Effects

The video tutorial explores the mTOR complex, its role in protein synthesis, and its importance in exercise physiology and kinesiology. It details how mTOR stimulates muscle and cell growth, influences metabolic pathways like aerobic glycolysis, and supports biosynthesis of lipids and nucleotides. The tutorial also discusses factors that inhibit or stimulate mTOR, such as stress, amino acids, and insulin, and highlights the significance of mTOR in cell growth and division.

What does mTOR stand for?

• Mechanistic Target of Ribosome

• Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin

• Molecular Target of Ribosome

• Mammalian Target of Ribosome

Why is mRNA translation important in muscle growth?

• It inhibits protein synthesis.

• It reduces ATP production.

• It converts mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.

• It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

What is the primary benefit of aerobic glycolysis over anaerobic glycolysis?

• It requires less oxygen.

• It generates more lactic acid.

• It produces more ATP per glucose molecule.

• It consumes more glucose.

Which pathway is stimulated by mTOR for nucleotide biosynthesis?

• Glycolysis

• Krebs Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain

• Pentose Phosphate Pathway

What is the role of NADPH in the cell?

• It is used in the reduction of molecules.

• It inhibits protein synthesis.

• It oxidizes molecules.

• It is a waste product of glycolysis.

What process is inhibited by mTOR to promote cell growth?

• Protein synthesis

• Lipid synthesis

• Autophagy

• Aerobic glycolysis

Which amino acid is particularly known for activating mTOR?

• Glycine

• Leucine

• Alanine

• Serine

How does insulin affect mTOR activity?

• It degrades mTOR.

• It inhibits mTOR.

• It has no effect on mTOR.

• It stimulates mTOR.

What is the role of cytokines in relation to mTOR?

• They inhibit mTOR.

• They stimulate cell growth and differentiation.

• They reduce ATP production.

• They break down proteins.

What is the relationship between oncogenes and mTOR?

• Oncogenes degrade mTOR.

• Oncogenes stimulate mTOR.

• Oncogenes have no effect on mTOR.

• Oncogenes inhibit mTOR.