Hedgehog Pathway in Cancer Research

Fred do Sage introduces the Hedgehog pathway, discovered in fruit flies, and its crucial role in embryonic development. The pathway's reactivation is linked to cancer growth, leading to research on inhibitors. Genentech's studies aim to target this pathway for cancer treatment, highlighting the pathway's significance in cancer biology.

What was the original organism in which the Hedgehog pathway was discovered?

• Humans

• Mice

• Fruit flies

• Sheep

What is the primary role of the Hedgehog pathway during embryonic development?

• To regulate blood pressure

• To control body temperature

• To ensure proper organ placement

• To manage immune response

What was the initial interest of scientists in studying the Hedgehog pathway?

• Its critical role in human development

• Its potential in treating diabetes

• Its effect on climate change

• Its role in plant growth

How do some cancers reactivate the Hedgehog pathway?

• By altering DNA repair mechanisms

• By reducing oxygen levels

• By overproducing a specific protein

• By increasing blood flow

What discovery in the 1990s at Genentech advanced the understanding of the Hedgehog pathway in cancer?

• A novel protein structure

• A gene mutation causing constant pathway activation

• A new signaling molecule

• A new type of cancer cell

What historical event helped scientists understand the inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway?

• Discovery of penicillin

• Sheep eating corn lilies

• Development of the polio vaccine

• Invention of the microscope

What was the role of the naturally occurring chemical found in corn lilies?

• To increase blood sugar levels

• To promote hair growth

• To inhibit the Hedgehog pathway

• To enhance cell growth

What is the current focus of cancer research related to the Hedgehog pathway?

• Enhancing radiation therapy

• Developing new surgical techniques

• Creating vaccines

• Inhibiting the pathway

What is the significance of the Hedgehog pathway in cancer research today?

• It is used in gene therapy for heart diseases

• It helps in diagnosing diabetes

• It is a target for investigational medicines

• It is used to develop antibiotics

What is the potential therapeutic application of targeting the Hedgehog pathway?

• Curing genetic disorders

• Preventing heart attacks

• Combating certain cancers

• Treating viral infections