Earthquake warning systems

What happens to seismic waves after an earthquake strikes?

• They immediately cause surface damage.

• They originate from the focus and travel across Earth.

• They only affect infrastructure, not populations.

• They can be forecasted before they develop.

Which statement is true regarding earthquake forecasting?

• Earthquakes can be accurately forecasted days in advance.

• Earthquake effects cannot be quantified once detected.

• Earthquakes cannot be forecasted, but their effects can be quantified once detected.

• Only S-waves are used to forecast earthquakes.

What is a key difference between P-waves and S-waves in an earthquake?

• P-waves produce larger shaking, while S-waves have small amplitudes.

• S-waves reach the ground first, while P-waves arrive later.

• P-waves have small amplitudes and reach the ground first, while S-waves arrive later producing larger shaking.

• Both P-waves and S-waves arrive at the same time.

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How do Early Warning Systems predict the impact of an earthquake?

• By forecasting the exact time and location of an earthquake.

• By analyzing S-waves before P-waves are felt.

• By analyzing P-waves before the strongest shaking (S-waves) is felt.

• By relying solely on visual observations of ground cracks.

What two main components are essential for the efficient working of earthquake early warning systems?

• Only automatic actions are needed.

• Only public education is needed.

• Dedicated automatic actions and effective education of the population.

• Forecasting and long-term prediction.