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WorksheetsHistory and Approaches Review
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 35mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What two psychological approaches dominated psychology from the 1920s to the 1950s?
a)
The cognitive perspective and structuralism.
b)
Monism and evolutionary psych.
c)
Gestalt psych and functionalism
d)
Behaviorism and the psychodynamic approach
2.
Amber believes that each thought or memory can be broken down into smaller elements, such as the emotions and concepts behind them.
In which historical approach to psychology would she find people who believe the same thing?
In which historical approach to psychology would she find people who believe the same thing?
a)
Psychoanalysis
b)
Structuralism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Functionalism
3.
Which of the following options was NOT a field that contributed to early understandings of psychological thought?
a)
Biology
b)
Physiology
c)
Astronomy
d)
Philosophy
4.
What is a similarity between early physiologists and modern biological psychologists?
a)
Both focus on the question, 'Do we have a soul?
b)
Both believe that the environment is the most important factor in determining behavior.
c)
Both use evolution to explain behavior.
d)
Both believe that physical traits and changes in the body can affect behavior.
5.
Which event best marks the beginning of the modern study of psychology?
a)
When Rene Descartes published his viewpoint that the mind and body are separate in the 1640s.
b)
When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859
c)
When Sigmund Freud travelled to America and introduced his theories in 1909.
d)
When William James published the first psychology textbook in English in 1890.
6.
What was philosophy's major contribution to early understandings of human psychology?
a)
Philosophy's focus on empirical data led to a scientific focus for psychology.
b)
The debate on the relationship between the mind/soul and the body led people to consider how the mind worked.
c)
Philosophy's idea that we have four humors that affect our behaviors led early psychologists to look for other ways the body impacted behavior.
d)
Philosophy's idea that we have four humors that affect our behaviors led early psychologists to look for other ways the body impacted behavior.
7.
Which of the following approaches to psychology did not exist at the same time with the others?
a)
Sociocultural
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Psychoanalysis
8.
"The most important thing a psychologist can study is how a behavior or thought helps a person navigate the world, rather than how that thought comes to be or what it is made of."
This viewpoint probably comes from somebody who believes in what historical theoretical approach?
This viewpoint probably comes from somebody who believes in what historical theoretical approach?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Psychoanalysis
9.
Marnie is handed a teddy bear and begins to describe what she is experiencing:"This is brown. It is soft. It is wearing a red bow."
What historic research technique is she using?
What historic research technique is she using?
a)
Introspection
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Dualism
d)
Structuralism
10.
Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology?
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology?
a)
Humanism
b)
Evolutionary psychology.
c)
Cognitive psychology.
d)
Behaviorism.
11.
How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations?
a)
Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning.
b)
Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective.
c)
Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking.
d)
Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors.
12.
Which of these serves as the best evidence that there are cognitive factors in learning?
a)
Several behaviors can be chained together through operant or classical conditioning.
b)
If somebody wants to artificially create a taste aversion by poisoning an undesired food, it is less effective if the subject knows there is medicine in his food that is making him or her ill.
c)
Reinforcement or punishment can include other activities as well as tangible objects
d)
Some behaviors simply cannot be conditioned because they are not physically possible for the subject.
13.
Which theory of personality least believes in personality change?
a)
Psychoanalytic
b)
Humanist
c)
Social cognitive
d)
Trait
14.
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
a)
struggles with unconscious drives and conflicts.
b)
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
c)
treatment of psychological disorders.
d)
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
15.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological
16.
Which of the following approaches seems to lack the most scientific support, since it seems to rely on after the fact explanations about correlations about childhood experiences and adult personality?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Cognitive
17.
Calvin displays aggressive behaviors because he witnessed his father acting aggressively when in similar situations.
This behavior can best be explained through which approach to psychology
This behavior can best be explained through which approach to psychology
a)
Humanistic.
b)
Behavioral.
c)
Cognitive
d)
Evolutionary.
18.
Which of the following would be of least interest to an evolutionary psychologist?
a)
Increasing rates of childhood obesity
b)
Classroom discipline procedures
c)
Patterns of sexual behavior.
d)
Aggressive behaviors.
19.
Many humans across cultures share similar taboos, ideas or behaviors that are unacceptable. The perspective of evolutionary psychology would most likely explain this by saying:
a)
Taboos develop because of behaviors that have caused harm or diminished reproductive success across past generations.
b)
Taboos develop because of social norms created by institutions.
c)
Children learn from a young age what is and is not acceptable from parents and other adults.
d)
Humans share a common morality that creates an aversion to certain behaviors.
20.
According to the evolutionary psychologists, human behavior is:
a)
a result of learned behaviors an organism has acquired over the lifespan.
b)
a result of repressed thoughts and urges of which we're largely unaware.
c)
an attempt to reach full human potential through actualization.
d)
the result of psychological adaptations to changing human environments across generations.
21.
Which of the following explanations of obesity best fits with an evolutionary perspective of psychology?
a)
Higher body fat indicates material wealth, thus attractiveness.
b)
The ability to gain weight and difficulty in losing weight carries a survival advantage.
c)
Modern processing of food leads to higher fat content.
d)
Cultural influences greatly affect the likelihood of obesity.
22.
Dr. Gapar works in a branch of psychology devoted to studying the measurement mental abilities, attitudes, and traits. He works for a testing company that develops and administers aptitude tests for public schools and personality inventories for businesses, which use his assessments in their hiring practices.Dr. Gapar also collaborates with statisticians to organize and analyze data produced by his test company’s assessments.
Dr. Gapar seems to work in which subfield of psychology?
Dr. Gapar seems to work in which subfield of psychology?
a)
Psychometric
b)
Social
c)
Industrial-organizational
d)
Educational
23.
Roger is a freshman in college and is having trouble adjusting to the changes in his life.
What type of psychologist should he be referred to?
What type of psychologist should he be referred to?
a)
Developmental.
b)
Psychiatrist.
c)
Clinical.
d)
Counseling
24.
As the owner of a company, you want to make as much profit as possible. Happy employees will be better producers, hence, more money to be made.
What type of psychologist would you use to ensure your employees were happy on the job and producing to the best of their ability?
What type of psychologist would you use to ensure your employees were happy on the job and producing to the best of their ability?
a)
Counseling
b)
Industrial-organizational
c)
Psychiatrist
d)
Clinical
25.
Sean Feldspar is a teenager whose intellectual abilities are growing alongside his brain during this crucial period of development. He is wondering if he actually exists, if he is dreaming or, even worse, if he is in someone else’s reality. Which phrase by which major figure in psychology would address Sean’s concern?
a)
(I think therefore I am)—Rene Descartes
b)
Stream of consciousness—William James
c)
Biology is destiny—Sigmund Freud
d)
The real problem is not whether machines think but whether men do—B.F. Skinner
26.
What did the results of John B. Watson's "Little Albert" experiment show?
a)
Emotions can be conditioned.
b)
Children can learn behaviors through observation and imitation.
c)
Children cannot effectively be trained using classical conditioning until they are at least 4 years old.
d)
There are major biological constraints on what can be learned.
27.
Which figure is most associated with developing the theory of classical conditioning?
a)
John Watson
b)
Edward Thorndike
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B. F. Skinner
28.
Which philosopher would have been most enthusiastic about modern empiricism?
a)
Rene Descartes
b)
Aristotle
c)
Plato
d)
Socrates
29.
In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and report their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following?
a)
Introspection
b)
empiricism
c)
tabula rasa
d)
functionalism
30.
Which of the following psychologists most clearly rejected the value of introspection?
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Edward Titchner
c)
John B. Watson
d)
Sigmund Freud
31.
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?
a)
Rene Descarte
b)
John Locke
c)
George Berkeley
d)
Aristotle
32.
Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”?
a)
Edward Titchner
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
John B. Watson
d)
William James
33.
Behaviorists dismissed the value of
a)
neuroscience
b)
reinforcement
c)
Introspection
d)
science
34.
Dr. Lipka is involved in an applied research study of customer satisfaction with a newly developed line of facial cosmetics and other beauty aids. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
a)
Clinical
b)
Industrial-Organizational
c)
Developmental
d)
Social
35.
Who had the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
a)
William James
b)
Edward Titchner
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
G. Stanley Hall
36.
Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ____ approach
a)
psychodynamic
b)
cognitive
c)
humanistic
d)
biopsychosocial
37.
The biological perspective in psychology would most likely emphasize that behavior is influenced by
a)
environmental circumstances
b)
memory processe
c)
unconscious conflicts
d)
blood chemistry
38.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
personality psychology
b)
biological psychology
c)
clinical psychology
d)
developmental psychology
39.
The Psychologist who would be least likely to develop tools for learning in the classroom would be
a)
experimental
b)
developmental
c)
school
d)
educational
40.
Who is considered a Humanistic Psychologist?
a)
Freud
b)
Skinner
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
Maslow
41.
Who studied unconscious and conscious behavior?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
John B. Watson
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