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Chapter 2: The Start of Life

Total questions: 24

Worksheet time: 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of twins are no more alike than regular siblings?

a)

Monozygotic

b)

Dizygotic

2.

What are observable genetic traits like red hair, freckles, and brown eyes called?

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Recessive

3.

Genes are the basic units of genetic information that determine the nature and function of every cell in the body, and are composed of?

a)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

b)

Chromosomes

4.

Which chromosomes contain the XX (female) or XY (male) chromosomes?

a)

1

b)

15

c)

12

d)

23

5.

Genetic variability results from the creation of eggs and sperm through which process?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

6.

Down Syndrome results from what genetic change?

a)

Extra chromosome on 23rd pair

b)

Extra chromosome on 12th pair

c)

Missing chromosome on 15th pair

d)

Extra chromosome on 21st pair

7.

Nonshared environments are different experiences of siblings. These could also be different experiences of friends. Check all that may be nonshared experiences.

a)

Growing up at a different time

b)

Participating in different activities

c)

Different expectation of parents/caregivers

d)

Having a different parent

8.

How many drinks per day is considered safe during pregnancy?

a)

1

b)

0

c)

3

d)

2

9.

Which prenatal period lasts the longest (weeks 9-38)?

a)

Fetal

b)

Embryonic

c)

Germinal

10.

Which organ, connected by the umbilical cord (mother and fetus), provides blood/oxygen and aids in brain development by filtering out teratogens?

a)

Uterus

b)

Amniotic sac

c)

Placenta

11.

During which prenatal stage (weeks 3-8) are 100,000 neurons produced every minute?

a)

Germinal

b)

Embryonic

c)

Fetal

12.

Which prenatal stage starts in weeks 9 to 38 when major organs have differentiated?

a)

Germinal

b)

Embryonic

c)

Fetal

13.

What is an environmental agent (drug, chemical, virus, or other factor) that produces a birth defect?

a)

Poison

b)

Nurture

c)

Epigenetics

d)

Teratogen

14.

When is the developing fetus most susceptible to teratogens?

a)

Germinal stage (0-2 weeks)

b)

Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)

c)

Fetal stage (8 weeks-birth)

d)

All

15.

Which drugs cross over to the developing fetus? (Select all that apply)

a)

Nicotine

b)

Marijuana

c)

Pain killers

d)

Alcohol

16.

Which infants are born before 38 weeks and constitute about 11% of all births?

a)

Preterm infants

b)

Low birth weight

c)

Small for gestational age infants

d)

Extremely low birth weight infants

17.

Although only 7% of US babies are low birth weight babies (under 5 1/2 pounds), they account for?

a)

Most twin births

b)

A very low death rate

c)

Most newborn deaths

18.
Post mature babies (2 weeks after due date) face what risks?
a)
Not enough space
b)

Lack of oxygen (hypoxia)

c)
No risk
19.

The infant mortality rate (IMR) in the US is considered high. Select all factors that would reduce the IMR.

a)

Paid leave

b)

Prenatal care provided at low or no cost

c)

Adequate nutrition

d)

Birth weight above 5 pounds

20.

Any differences between monozygotic twins are said to be the result of (select all)?

a)

Nature (genetics)

b)

Nurture (environment/socialization)

c)

Chance

21.

What is niche picking (best answer)?

a)

You pick activities you like

b)

Parents pick activities that do or don't fit your personality

c)

Learning to enjoy activities you didn't

d)

Classical conditioning

22.

Cells that reproduce through meiosis are called?

a)

zygotes

b)

gametes (egg and sperm)

c)

single cells

23.

How many chromosomes (not pairs) are most humans born with?

a)

23

b)

78

c)

46

d)

42

24.

What is the term for the fertilized egg during the first two weeks after conception?

a)

Embryo

b)

Fetus

c)

Zygote

d)

Blastocyst