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WorksheetsGenetics, Epigenetics and Macrosocial influence
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is the 'Health Onion'?
A diet plan
A framework for health psychology
A type of medical treatment
A genetic model
According to Mendel, when does a recessive trait appear?
When it is inherited from one parent only
When it is inherited from both parents
When it is influenced by the environment
When it is linked to the X chromosome
How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal human cell have?
22
23
46
48
What does DNA methylation do?
Changes the DNA sequence
Adds methyl groups to DNA, affecting gene expression
Replicates DNA
Repairs DNA damage
What is the main idea of the Fetal Origins Hypothesis?
Genetics determine all health outcomes
Nutrition and conditions in utero can affect adult health
Only postnatal care matters for development
It is unrelated to chronic diseases
Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic change?
Mutation in DNA sequence
DNA methylation
Chromosome duplication
RNA transcription
What did Polderman et al. (2015) conclude about heritability?
Genes account for 100% of traits
Environment accounts for 100% of traits
Genes and environment contribute equally on average
Epigenetics is the main factor
What does macrosocial refer to?
Individual health behaviors
Large-scale social, economic, and political forces
Genetic influences
Family-level factors
Which factor is NOT listed as a macrosocial influence?
Climate change
Individual diet choice
Globalization
Political regime
What is a major criticism of neoliberal health care, using the US as an example?
It is too cheap
High administrative costs and private sector focus
It focuses too much on prevention
It excludes technology
What is the epidemiological transition?
Shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases
Increase in genetic disorders
Decrease in life expectancy
Rise of new infectious diseases only
Which is currently the leading cause of death worldwide?
Communicable diseases
Injuries
Non-communicable diseases
Nutritional deficiencies
What are the 'Big Two' contributors to life expectancy gains according to Lin et al. (2012)?
Genetics and epigenetics
Economy and education
Health care and technology
Nutrition and exercise
What is the most effective long-term intervention to reduce infant mortality?
More doctors
Improved education for women and clean water
Genetic counseling
Increased hospital funding
In industrialised societies, which statement is true about gender and health?
Men live longer and have better health
Women live longer but report more health problems
There are no differences
Women die earlier from heart disease
What is a key factor in health disparities among ethnic minorities?
Genetics only
Racism and socioeconomic status
Lack of intelligence
Cultural superiority
What does intergenerational transmission refer to in epigenetics?
Passing DNA mutations to offspring
Passing epigenetic changes to offspring
Teaching behaviors to children
Inheriting money from parents
Which period is most sensitive for in utero effects according to research on maternal stress?
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Postnatal period
What is developmental plasticity?
Fixed genetic expression
Ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes based on environment
Permanent disability from birth
Lack of adaptation to environment
What is a major barrier to increasing access to HIV treatment in developing countries?
Lack of medical knowledge
Cost and patent protection by pharmaceutical companies
Religious objections
Climate change
