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Earth Science: Rock and Mineral Review

Total questions: 105

Worksheet time: 2hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

One difference between a breccia rock and a conglomerate rock is that the particles in a breccia rock are

a)
more aligned
b)
 more angular
c)
harder
d)
land derived
2.
The igneous rock gabbro most likely formed from molten material that cooled
a)
rapidly at Earth’s surface
b)
slowly at Earth’s surface
c)
rapidly, deep underground
d)
slowly, deep underground
3.
Extreme Heat and Pressure creates a _________ rock.
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Mineral
4.
When inside a volcano, the hot liquid that can cool to form rocks is called __________.
a)
lava
b)
magma
c)
extrusive
d)
liquid goo
5.
This rock was formed by lots of fossils that settled on top of each other over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
6.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
7.
What does it mean for a rock to be extrusive?
a)
Have layers
b)
Have Rounded Edges
c)
Form from Lava
d)
Form By Sediment
8.
When magma cools quickly, what kind of texture does rock have?
a)
coarse grained
b)
large grained
c)
medium grained
d)
fine grained
9.
In which type of the following rocks can you find a fossil
a)
limestone
b)
granite
c)
basalt
d)
magma
10.
slate
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
11.
Rocks formed by small fragments of other rocks
a)
sedimentary rocks
b)
metamorphic rocks
c)
igneous rocks
d)
fragmented rocks
12.
Which type of rock forms at the bottom of a body of water?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Mineral
d)
Sedimentary
13.
Which word describes how a mineral reflects light?
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Luster
d)
Hardness
14.
Magma ______ & ______ to become igneous rock.
a)
weathers & deposits
b)
compacts & cements
c)
cools & hardens
d)
melts & crystallizes
15.
Rocks are classified based on _____________.
a)
their composition
b)
where they form
c)
how they form
d)
their texture
16.
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from decomposed once living material?
a)
Organic
b)
Chemical
c)
Clastic
d)
Extrusive
17.
What texture best describes an igneous rock that formed deep underground?
a)
glassy
b)
vesicular
c)
fine grained
d)
coarse grained
18.

What texture of metamorphic rock has minerals segregated into wavy bands?

a)
Intrusive
b)
Foliated
c)
Unfoliated
d)
Extrusive
19.
If an igneous rock cools off slowly UNDERNEATH the Earth's surface, then its mineral crystals will be...
a)
Small mineral crystals that you can barely see.
b)
Large crystals that are easy to see.
c)
No crystals, it will have bits of plant and bones.
d)
No crystals, it will contain sand. 
20.
Which of the words below describe mud, sand, and tiny bits of rocks that cement together to form a type of rock?
a)
stalactites
b)
magmas
c)
metamorphs
d)
sediments
21.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
22.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
23.
____________ is determined by scratching a mineral with other minerals.
a)
fracture
b)
hardness
c)
streak
d)
color
24.
What is the scale that is used to indicate hardness of a mineral?
a)
Red Scale
b)
Moh's scale
c)
Einstein Scale
d)
Fracture Scale
25.
If a mineral does not break smoothly, and leaves an uneven surface:
a)
cleavage
b)
fracture
c)
hardness
d)
inorganic
26.
Which mineral property is being shown here?
a)
luster
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
27.
Can a glass plate scratch apatite?
a)
Yes 
b)
No 
28.

Can a penny scratch fluorite?

a)

Yes

b)

No

29.

Which mineral has a hardness of 3, rhombohedral cleavage and crystals, and fizzes in acid?

a)
calcite
b)
halite
c)
gypsum
d)
quartz
30.
The softest minerals is__________
a)
Quartz
b)
Topaz
c)
Talc
d)
Amethyst
31.
Atoms in a mineral are arranged___________________.
a)
In the order they land
b)
In a specific repetitive pattern
c)
In a circular pattern
d)
In a straight line
32.
A mineral's resistance to being scratched is called?
a)
streak
b)
luster
c)
hardness
d)
heft
33.

What determines the size of an igneous rock's crystals?

a)
magma composition
b)
rate of cooling
c)
cleavage vs. fracture
d)
lava composition
34.
What is the term for minerals containing silicon and oxygen?
a)
carbonates
b)
silicates
c)
sheet silicates
d)
nonsilicates
35.
What determines whether a mineral will show cleavage or break in irregular fractures?
a)
hardness
b)
external shape
c)
internal atomic structure
d)
density
36.
The deeper a rock is buried, the greater the pressure is on it
a)
True 
b)
False
37.
What sedimentary rock forms Slate?
a)
Sandstone
b)
Limestone
c)
Quartzite
d)
Shale
38.
Which of the following best describes the type of environment a metamorphic rock forms in
a)
High heat, low pressure
b)
Low heat, high pressure
c)
High heat, high pressure
d)
Low heat, low pressure
39.
What sedimentary rock is changed to marble during metamorphosis?
a)
Limestone
b)
Sandstone
c)
Shale
d)
Chert
40.
What sedimentary rock is changed into quartzite during metamorphism?
a)
Shale
b)
Sandstone
c)
Limestone
d)
Conglomerate
41.
During Contact Metamorphism, rocks are changed primarily by this:
a)
Subducting Plates
b)
Heat from magma
c)
Hot chemical fluids
d)
Pressure from tectonic activity
42.
Which of the following metamorphic rocks have been changed the most?
a)
Slate
b)
Schist
c)
Phyllite
d)
Gneiss
43.

Type of sediment made up of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering

a)

sedimentary

b)

clastic

c)

metamorphic

44.
occurs when mineral growth glues sediment grains together into solid rock
a)
bedding
b)
cementation
45.

When molten material, such as that in an igneous intrusion, comes in contact with solid rock, ________________________occurs.

a)
contact metamorphism
b)
regional metamorphism
46.
Formed from precipitation and growth of mineral crystals
a)
clastic sedimentary rock
b)
chemical sedimentary rock
c)
foliated metamorphic rocks
d)
coarse grained igneous rock
47.
This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?
a)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
b)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
d)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
48.
This rock formed when lava cooled very quickly on Earth's surface. What specific type of rock is it?
a)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
b)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
c)
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock
d)
Biochemical Sedimentary Rock
49.

When you are describing the sizes of the mineral grains in a rock, you are describing the rock's _____

a)
Texture
b)
Composition
c)
Sedimentation
d)
Igneous-ness
50.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
51.
Sedimentary rock that is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral are called...
a)
chemical
b)
organic
c)
clastic
52.
Sedimentary rock made from fossils are called...
a)

organic or bioclastic

b)
chemical
c)

clastic

53.
This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Sedimentary Rock
54.
The igneous rock texture that is characterized by two distinctly different crystal sizes is called
a)
Coarse grained
b)
Fine grained
c)
Glassy
d)
Porphyritic
55.
The three groups of rocks are classified by
a)
How they form
b)
Color
c)
Grain size
d)
Chemical Composition
56.
Fossils are only found in
a)
Sedimentary rocks
b)
Foliated Metamorphic rocks
c)
Igneous Rocks
d)
Nonfoliated Metamorphic rocks
57.
Rock that forms when minerals form from solutions or sediment from older rocks get pressed and cemented together.
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
58.
What sized sediment makes shale?
a)
Sand
b)
Clay
c)
Cobble
59.
How is sediment formed?
a)
Weathering and Erosion
b)
Melting
c)
Pressure
60.
Form from the remains or fossils of once living organisms or plants.
a)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b)
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
c)
Organic Sedimentary Rock
61.
Form when water containing dissolved minerals evaporates, leaving concentrated minerals that precipitate and crystallize.
a)
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
b)
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
c)
Organic Sedimentary Rocks
62.
A natural resource made from remains of swamp plants from millions of years ago
a)
gasoline
b)
oil
c)
natural gas
d)
coal
63.
Any type of rock can follow one of many pathways through the rock cycle to become
a)
an igneous rock
b)
a metamorphic rock
c)
a sedimentary rock
d)
all of the above
64.
Can be found as a thin layer covering the continents
a)
Igneous 
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
65.
What type of rock can become sediments?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
d)
any rock can  become sediments
66.

Which sedimentary rock would be formed by the compaction and cementation of particles larger than .2 centimeters in diameter?

a)

shale

b)

conglomerate

c)

siltstone

d)

sandstone

67.
According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which is a sedimentary rock that forms as a result of precipitation from seawater?
a)
shale 
b)
conglomerate
c)
gypsum
d)
basalt
68.
which sedimentary rock is composed of fragmented skeletons and shells of sea organisms compacted and cemented together?
a)
limestone
b)
gypsum
c)
shale 
d)
sandstone
69.
Large rock salt deposits in the Syracuse area indicate that the area once had 
a)
many terrestrial animals
b)
a range of volcanic mountains
c)
large forests 
d)
a warm, shallow sea
70.

The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in

a)

hardness

b)

size

c)

origin

d)

age

71.
Which is a fine-grained igneous rock made up primarily of pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar?
a)
granite
b)
gabbro
c)
rhyolite
d)
basalt
72.
Which mineral can be found in all samples of granite and diorite?
a)
pyroxene
b)
quartz
c)
biotite
d)
potassium feldspar
73.
What do all rocks have in common?
a)
They all form from magma.
b)
They are all composed of minerals.
c)
They have banding and layers.
d)
They have fossils.
74.
_________ form when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions.
a)
Unfoliated Metamorphic Rock
b)
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
c)
Extrusive Igneous Rock
d)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
75.
True or False:
Sedimentary rock mostly form under water.
a)
true
b)
false
76.
What would you use to determine the hardness of a mineral?
a)
color tiles
b)
streak test
c)
scratch glass
d)
weight scale
77.
What type of rock is formed when an existing rock has been changed into a new rock?
a)
sedimentary
b)
igneous
c)
minerals
d)
metamorphic
78.
The color of a mineral in powder form is called the mineral's 
a)
hardness
b)
specific gravity
c)
luster
d)
streak
79.
How light reflects off of a mineral is called the mineral's 
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
cleavage
d)
fracture
80.
What mineral is used for pencils?
a)
Graphite
b)
Galena
c)
Magnetite
d)
Quartz
81.
Large crystals are going to form
a)
when lava erupts from a volcano
b)
when a shallow sea evaporates
c)
when magma underground cools off
d)
all of the above
82.
A mineral that breaks along a smooth,  predictable plane has _____________________.
a)
Fracture
b)
Cleavage
c)
Patterns
d)
Style
83.
A mineral that does not break in a predictable pattern has ________________.
a)
Fracture
b)
Cleavage
c)
Luster 
d)
Class
84.
Many minerals form from the cooling of magma. If the magma cools slowly, what size are the crystals?
a)
small
b)
large
c)
no crystals
85.
Calculate density:What is the density of an object with a mass of 60g and a volume of 2 cm 3
a)
35 g / cm 3
b)
20 g/ cm3
c)
30 g/ cm3
86.
Heat and Pressure causes which type of rock? 
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
87.

If a metamorphic rock bubbles when a drop of acid is placed on its surface, the rock is most likely

a)

schist

b)

slate

c)

marble

d)

quartzite

88.

Which table correctly matches rock textures with a sedimentary rock that exhibits each texture?

a)
b)
c)
d)
89.

Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and a felsic composition?

a)

pumice

b)

basalt

c)

granite

d)

scoria

90.

Base your answer on the flowchart below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The boxes labeled A through G represent rocks and rock materials. Arrows represent the processes of the rock cycle.

Which lettered box could represent the rock conglomerate?

a)

E

b)

G

c)

C

d)

D

91.

Which mineral can be found in the rocks phyllite, sandstone, and granite?

a)

quartz

b)

pyroxene

c)

gypsum

d)

calcite

92.

Which two minerals are commercial sources of iron?

a)

galena and graphite

b)

muscovite mica and biotite mica

c)

garnet and flourite

d)

hematite and magnetite

93.

Which of the following is a mineral property that shows the color of a mineral in powder form?

a)

Streak

b)

Cleavage

c)

Hardness

d)

Fracture

94.

What type of luster does galena have?

a)

Glassy

b)

Silky

c)

Metallic

d)

Dull

95.

Heat and pressure create what type of rocks?

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Silicate

d)

Igneous

96.

Which of the following is a characteristic of intrusive igneous rock?

a)

Made of large chunks of sediment

b)

Cooled slowly so has large visible mineral grains

c)

Cooled quickly and has no visible mineral grains

d)

Mineral are aligned in rows on the rock

97.

Extrusive igneous rock form from what?

a)

Quickly cooling lava flows

b)

Slow cooling magma

c)

Slow cooling lava

d)

Chunks of rock that are changed by heat and pressure in the Earth’s crust

98.
What type of rock is formed when magma and lava cools and hardens?
a)
minerals
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
metamorphic
99.
What property of rock is being observed when looking for what color is left after scratching it on a ceramic plate?
a)
hardness
b)
color
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
100.

Which element is the second most abundant by mass in Earth's crust?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Calcium

c)

Sodium

d)

Silicon

101.
Continental crust is ___________.
a)
mafic
b)
felsic
c)
metallic
102.

The oceanic crust is mostly made of this rock.

a)

obsidian

b)

granite

c)

quartz

d)

basalt

103.

What is the percent by mass of magnesium in Earth's crust?

a)

2.33 %

b)

0.33 %

c)

8.23 %

d)

0.49 %

104.
What is the first step in forming coal?
a)
ocean animals buried in sediment
b)
ocean plants buried in sediment
c)
swamp animals buried in sediment
d)
swamp plants buried in sediment millions of years ago
105.

Which map symbol is used to represent rock that formed as a result of the evaporation of seawater?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

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