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WorksheetsLE Regents Review: Cell Transport & Biochemistry
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 41mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which statement explains the importance of maintaining a constant internal environment to ensure proper enzyme functioning?
a)
Changes in pH and temperature will cause the enzyme reaction rate to be too fast.
b)
Temperature and pH determine amino acid sequences in enzymes
c)
Changes in pH will change the genetic instructions of enzymes
d)
Increasing the temperature and pH can alter the specific shape of enzymes.
2.
Hospital patients are often given intravenous fluids (IVs) to maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body. Great care is used in preparing these solutions. If a manufacturer accidentally prepared a batch of IV fluid that contained much more than the usual amount of salt, harm to the patient could result. The most likely effect on a patient if this incorrectly prepared IV fluid was used is that
a)
water would move into body cells and cause them to burst
b)
water would move out of body cells and cause them to dehydrate
c)
salt and water would both move out of body cells and disrupt homeostasis
d)
salt and water would both move into body cells and preserve homeostasis
3.
Which substance is an organic molecule?
a)
water
b)
oxygen
c)
sugar
d)
carbon dioxide
4.
Which substance is an inorganic molecule?
a)
water
b)
starch
c)
DNA
d)
fat
5.
The graph activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments?
a)
chymotrypsin
b)
cholinesterase
c)
pepsin
d)
papain
6.
Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?
a)
The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.
b)
The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.
c)
The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.
d)
The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.
7.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?
a)
Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.
b)
Solution A will contain all of the water molecules.
c)
Solution B will remain unchanged.
d)
Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A.
8.
The diagram below represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell.
Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?
Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?
a)
The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.
b)
The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.
c)
The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.
d)
The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.
9.
A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when
a)
it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch
b)
it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole
c)
the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside
d)
the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cellListen
10.
The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.
Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?
Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?
a)
Glucose would diffuse into the cell.
b)
Protein would diffuse out of the cell.
c)
Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.
d)
Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.
11.
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
a)
oxygen molecules
b)
simple sugars
c)
amino acids
d)
biological catalysts
12.
A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
a)
specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
b)
rate at which the enzyme breaks down during a reaction it regulates
c)
pH of all body systems
d)
temperature of the products of the reaction it regulates
13.
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
a)
oxygen molecules
b)
simple sugars
c)
amino acids
d)
biological compounds
14.
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
15.
This process best represents
a)
the bonding of amino acids to form a starch
b)
the digestion of amino acids to form a starch molecule
c)
the bonding of simple sugars to form a starch molecule
d)
the digestion of simple sugars to form a starch molecule
16.
Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
a)
protein, oxygen, fat
b)
protein, starch, fat
c)
water, carbon dioxide, oxygen
d)
water, starch, protein
17.
The energy in this molecule is stored
a)
in the bonds between atoms
b)
in the oxygen found in the molecule
c)
when the carbon atoms break off
d)
when water breaks this molecule apart
18.
The building blocks for this molecule are
a)
amino acids
b)
simple sugars
c)
fats
d)
molecular bases
19.
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines the
a)
movements through the cytoplasm
b)
functions inside and outside of cells
c)
roles in building water molecules
d)
circulation throughout the body
20.
An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is
a)
water
b)
salt
c)
oxygen
d)
glucose
21.
The diagram below represents a protein molecule present in some living things. This type of molecule is composed of a sequence of what?
a)
amino acids arranged in a specific order
b)
simple sugars alternating with starches arranged in a folded pattern
c)
large inorganic subunits that form chains that interlock with each other
d)
four bases that make up the folded structure
22.
In animals, which occurs during the synthesis of larger, more complex organic molecules from smaller organic molecules?
a)
Water is released.
b)
Oxygen is released.
c)
Nitrogen is absorbed.
d)
Phosphorus is absorbed.
23.
Most end-products of complete chemical digestion are described as
a)
high-energy inorganic compounds
b)
small, soluble organic molecules
c)
large, insoluble organic molecules
d)
complex, inorganic molecules
24.
What does the process of photosynthesis produce?
a)
starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
b)
protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
c)
glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
d)
glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
25.
DNA & RNA are examples of what type of organic compound?
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
proteins
26.
Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
a)
fat
b)
oil
c)
wax
d)
starch
27.
Which organic compound is used for stored energy and cell structures?
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
proteins
28.
Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide (complex sugar)?
a)
starch
b)
cellulose/fiber
c)
glycogen
d)
peptide
29.
Which organic compound is primarily used to make ENERGY?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
fats
d)
nucleic acids
30.
By which process to smaller units, called monomers, combine to form larger, organic compounds?
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
hydrolysis
c)
chemical makeup
d)
photosynthesis
31.
What are the building blocks, or monomers, of proteins?
a)
hormones
b)
amino acids
c)
glucose molecules
d)
fatty acids
32.
The sugars found in fruits are considered to be what type of organic compound?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
33.
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a carbohydrate?
a)
sugar
b)
bread
c)
butter
d)
pasta
34.
Organic compounds must contain what element?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
calcium
35.
Biochemistry is the study of...?
a)
inorganic compounds
b)
organic compounds
36.
The diagram shows various molecules that move into and out of the cell. How does molecule C move out the cell?
a)
Active Transport
b)
Diffusion
c)
The use of a protein pump
d)
Manipulated osmosis
37.
How many diamond molecules need to move to reach equilibrium?
a)
A net of 2 molecules move inside the cell.
b)
A net of 2 molecules move outside the cell.
c)
There is no net movement because the molecules are at equilibrium.
d)
The molecules do not move.
38.
Which way will the water molecules move during osmosis?
a)
Out of the cell, so the cell shrinks.
b)
Out of the cell, so the cell swells.
c)
Into the cell, so the cell shrinks.
d)
Into the cell, so the cell swells.
39.
The diagram below represents two cells viewed using the same magnification with the same microscope. One possible conclusion that can be drawn about the activity of these two cells is that
a)
more active transport occurs in cell B than in cell A
b)
more active transport occurs in cell A than in cell B
c)
cell B uses some of the extra mitochondria to make food
d)
cell A is a plant cell since it has a cell wall
40.
The diagram represents what occurred when an onion cell and a red blood cell were placed in distilled water. The best explanation for why the onion cells do not burst, while the red blood cells often do is that
a)
the red blood cells have only a cell membrane, which does not protect them from bursting
b)
the onion cells do not have a cell wall what could protect them from bursting
c)
the onion cells have a cell membrane, which can protect them from bursting
d)
the red blood cells have a cell wall, which does not protect them from bursting
41.
The diagram below represents a specialized cell located in the root of a plant. The arrows in the diagram indicate the movement of molecules of oxygen and water into the cell. Which row in the chart correctly identifies the process responsible for the movement of each type of molecule represented?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
42.
Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because they do not require
a)
ATP
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
light
d)
DNA
43.
Using information from the diagram, state one reason why the movement of molecules in method C represents active transport.
a)
solutes travel from high to low concentration
b)
solutes travel from low to high concentration
c)
a protein channel is needed
d)
equilibrium needs to be reached
44.
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to brought into the cell?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
45.
The diagram below represents a green plant cell viewed with the high power of a compound light microscope before and after a particular substance was added. Identify a substance that could been added to the slide to bring about the change shown.
a)
water
b)
salt
46.
Red onion cells undergo the change represented in the picture below. This change is most likely caused by the cell being transferred from
a)
distilled water to starch indicator
b)
distilled water to salt water
c)
salt water to tap water
d)
salt water to distilled water
47.
If the concentration of sodium is greater a cell than inside a cell, which process could move sodium OUT of the cell?
a)
diffusion
b)
carbohydrate synthesis
c)
active transport
d)
digestion
48.
The diagram below represents two processes that occur in organisms. A characteristic represented by X is common to both of these processes. A characteristic that both processes have in common is that each process
a)
uses ATP
b)
requires enzymes
c)
uses oxygen
d)
moves molecules
49.
Identify substance A.
a)
water
b)
salt
c)
ribosomes
d)
ATP
50.
Identify a substance in the environment of the cell that caused this response.
a)
salt
b)
water
51.
A blue-based glucose indicator is added to a dialysis tube containing a mixture of glucose and water. What color would result from the addition of the indicator to the solution?
a)
amber
b)
purple
c)
red/orange
d)
blue/black
52.
A starch indicator is added to a dialysis tube containing a mixture of starch and water. What color would result from the addition of the indicator to the solution?
a)
amber
b)
purple
c)
red/orange
d)
blue/black
53.
A starch indicator is added to a dialysis tube containing a mixture of starch and water. What color represents the indicator before it is added to the solution?
a)
amber
b)
purple
c)
red/orange
d)
blue/black
54.
If a starch-digesting enzyme were added to a sports gel that lists starch as an ingredient, which substance would increase in concentration?
a)
fat
b)
glucose
c)
amino acids
d)
water
55.
Letter X in the process represents
a)
an antibody
b)
a hormone
c)
an enzyme
d)
a receptor
56.
This image represents which biological process?
a)
digestion
b)
synthesis
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