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WorksheetsAP Mechanisms and population Evolution
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 43mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Genetic variation ____.
a)
is created by the direct action of natural selection
b)
arises in response to changes in the environment
c)
must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
d)
tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes
2.
Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?
a)
In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge.
b)
Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids.
c)
The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees.
d)
Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.
3.
Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it ____.
a)
was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation
b)
proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time
c)
dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations
d)
was the first time a biologist had proposed that species changed through time
4.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?
a)
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
b)
Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
c)
Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
d)
Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
5.
Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct?
a)
In this wild mustard, there is enough heritable variation to permit these different varieties.
b)
Heritable variation is low in wild mustard—otherwise this wild strain would have different characteristics.
c)
Natural selection is rare in wild populations of wild mustard.
d)
In wild mustard, most of the variation is due to differences in soil or other aspects of the environment.
6.
Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
a)
Condition 1 only
b)
Condition 2 only
c)
Conditions 1 and 2
d)
Conditions 2 and 3
7.
A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?
a)
The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.
b)
Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species.
c)
Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism.
d)
Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.
8.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristics of a stable, non-evolving population?
a)
the population is small
b)
there is no migration in or out of the population
c)
there is no natural selection in the population
d)
mating in the population is random
9.
Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?
a)
Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
b)
The individuals would produce more offspring
c)
Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
d)
Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
10.
The greatest number of endemic species is expected in environments that are
a)
easily reached and ecologically diverse
b)
isolated and show little ecological diversity
c)
isolated and ecologically diverse
d)
easily reached and show little ecological diversity
11.
Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
a)
nonrandom mating
b)
geographic isolation
c)
genetic drift
d)
gene flow
12.
A biologist doing a long-term study on a wild spider population observes increased variation in silk thickness. Which of the following could the spider population be experiencing?
a)
directional selection
b)
stabilizing selection
c)
disruptive selection
d)
genetic drift
13.
Macroevolution is
a)
the same as microevolution, but includes the origin of new species
b)
evolution above the species level
c)
defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with the naked eye
d)
defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations
14.
The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
analogous structures
c)
homology
d)
reproductive isolation
15.
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular recessive allele a is .4. What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?
a)
4 percent
b)
16 percent
c)
32 percent
d)
48 percent
16.
The population of peppered moths in England changed from white to black in 50 years
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
sexual selection
c)
directional selection
d)
disruptive selection
17.
Darwin's finches are an example of
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
18.
The establishment of a genetically unique population through genetic drift
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
19.
The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal.
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
20.
variations in a population are maintained by
a)
mutations
b)
genetic recombination
c)
gene flow
d)
all of the above
21.
which of the following is not involved in natural selection?
a)
competition for resources
b)
differences in reproductive success
c)
inheritable variation in populations
d)
breeder selects traits
22.
a bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
a)
sexuality
b)
mutation rate
c)
fitness
d)
adaptability
23.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
24.
Which of the following is an example of gene flow?
a)
A subordinate wolf successfully challenges the alpha male and mates with pack females
b)
A deer picks up spores from a plant as it grazes and deposits them next to that plant.
c)
A young stallion is driven out of its herd by the alpha stallion and begins its own herd in another location
d)
All of these answers
25.
A migratory bird unknowingly accumulates a few seeds of the hwagha plant in her feathers and drops them in an area where those plants did not live before. This is an example of
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Predation
c)
Bottleneck Effect
d)
Migration
26.
In the early 2000s, White Nose fungus caused a mass die-off of native American bat species. Those bats that survived will continue the population with their own allele frequencies. What type of genetic drift is this?
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Bottlenose Effect
c)
Bottleneck Effect
d)
Migration Effect
27.
Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?
a)
in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the drug
b)
a few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistance
c)
penicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studies
d)
some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
28.
Who had a theory similar to Darwin (struggle for existence)?
a)
Wallace
b)
Lamarck
c)
Lyell
d)
Malthus
29.
What evidence of evolution? Giraffes have the same number of vertebrae in the neck as do humans?
a)
comparative anatomy
b)
comparative biochemistry
c)
comparative embryology
d)
geographic distribution
30.
What evidence of evolution? Humans and sea stars both have radial cleavage in the early embryonic development.
a)
comparative embryology
b)
comparative anatomy
c)
comparative biochemistry
d)
geographic distribution
31.
What evidence of evolution? humans can be made temporarily immune to various human diseases by receiving antibodies against those diseases from horses.
a)
comparative biochemistry
b)
comparative anatomy
c)
comparative embryology
d)
geographic distribution
32.
in one region of New Jersey there exists two distinct types of one species of snake
a)
disruptive selection
b)
geographic isolation
c)
mechanical isolation
d)
neutral variation
33.
Human newborns usually weigh between 6-8 pounds
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
directional selection
c)
disruptive selection
d)
sexual selection
34.
In a population of 1000 people, 90 have blue eyes. What percent of the population is hybrid brown eyes?
a)
3
b)
9
c)
21
d)
42
35.
Genetic Drift is more likely to happen in...
a)
aquatic populations
b)
small populations
c)
terrestrial populations
d)
older populations
36.
Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?
a)
p2
b)
2pq
c)
q2
d)
p2 + 2pq
37.
Which Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the genotype frequencies in a population?
a)
p + q = 1
b)
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
c)
p2 + pq2 + q2 = 1
d)
p + 2pq + q3 = 1
38.
A population of frogs has 37 individuals who are brown in color and 194 individuals who express the dominant green color. What is the dominant allele frequency for this population?
a)
0.2
b)
0.4
c)
0.6
d)
0.8
39.
If a population has the following genotype frequencies: AA = 0.42, Aa = 0.46, and aa = 0.12, what are the allele frequencies?
a)
A = 0.42, a = 0.12
b)
A = 0.6, a = 0.4
c)
A = 0.65, a = 0.35
d)
A = 0.84, a = 0.24
40.
Within a population of 500 butterflies, the color purple is dominant over the color white. 200 of the butterflies are white. What is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals? Give your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth.
a)
.40
b)
.36
c)
.16
d)
.60
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