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WorksheetsMarine Ecology Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
This is called
a)
ecological succession
b)
abiotic factors
c)
niche partitioning
d)
biodiversity
2.
Ecology is.......
a)
Organisms and their environment
b)
Medical research
c)
Electricity
d)
Astronomy
3.
Diversity....or Biodiversity...
a)
The number of plants an animal eats
b)
The type of food an organism eats
c)
The way an organism reproduces
d)
The number of different species in an area
4.
Zooxanthelle are found in
a)
Kelp
b)
Sand
c)
Coral
d)
Deep Sea Volcanoes
5.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
6.
The living portions of the ecosystem.
a)
Biotic factors
b)
Abiotic factors
7.
Water temperature would be an example of ...
a)
A biotic factor
b)
An abiotic factor
8.
A collection of organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another.
a)
Population
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Ecosphere
9.
A place where an organism lives.
a)
Terrain
b)
Habitat
c)
Community
d)
Population
10.
A collection of organisms that make up a community as well as all of the nonliving aspects of the environment.
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Habitat
d)
Ecosystem
11.
Two or more members of a particular species living and interacting in the same area
a)
Community
b)
Population
c)
Organisms
d)
Biosphere
12.
Which level will contain plants?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
13.
A living relationship between two species in which one organism is harmed is called...
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
niche
14.
symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit
a)
competition
b)
Mutualism
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
energy pyramid
15.
A barnacle living on a whales skin..the whale is not harmed or affected
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
16.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
17.
An organism that lives by breaking apart dead organic matter into simpler parts is...
a)
scavenger
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
carnivore
18.
Autotrophs make up the _______ level in all ecosystems.
a)
First
b)
Second
c)
Third
d)
Fourth
19.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
sunlight
c)
water
d)
carbon
20.
What is made of the skeletons of small animals?
a)
intertidal area
b)
coral reef
c)
estuary
d)
Sargasso Sea
21.
Where have organisms adapted to keep from being swept away?
a)
intertidal area
b)
coral reef
c)
estuary
d)
Sargasso Sea
22.
Which ecosystem contains both fresh and salt water?
a)
intertidal area
b)
coral reef
c)
estuary
d)
Sargasso Sea
23.
The area that has warm, sunlit water and is where the ocean floor begins to slope downward is the
a)
intertidal zone
b)
neritic zone
c)
oceanic zone
d)
benthic zone
24.
The area that contains the deep water of the open ocean and is where the sea floor drops sharply is the
a)
intertidal zone
b)
neritic zone
c)
oceanic zone
d)
benthic zone
25.
The ocean floor, some parts of which get no sunlight, is the
a)
intertidal zone
b)
neritic zone
c)
oceanic zone
d)
benthic zone
26.
The place where the ocean meets the land is the
a)
intertidal zone
b)
neritic zone
c)
oceanic zone
d)
benthic zone
27.
Which of the following is NOT a key abiotic factor in marine ecosystems?
a)
water temperature
b)
amount of sunlight
c)
water depth
d)
amount of plankton
28.
The base of the ocean's food chains is formed by
a)
blue whales
b)
plankton
c)
coral reefs
d)
sargassums
29.
The flow of energy through an ecosystem can be depicted in a food web. What forms the base of the open ocean food web?
a)
algae
b)
fish
c)
shrimp
d)
whales
30.
Hydrothermal vents, submarine hotsprings, and methane cold seeps release heat and chemicals deep below the surface of the ocean. Surprisingly, the areas around these sites are able to support ecosystems. Based on this info, such ocean ecosystems most likely contain...
a)
primary consumers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals
b)
primary producers that create energy from oxidizing chemicals
c)
primary consumers that obtain energy from photosynthetic plants
d)
primary producers that obtain energy from photosynthetic plants
31.
The ocean contains ecosystems that can support life without plants. Where are these ecosystems most likely located?
a)
near the shoreline
b)
in the deep ocean
c)
in the open ocean
d)
in an estuary
32.
In terms of photosynthesis, at what depth are organisms in the ocean most productive?
a)
between 1000-4000m
b)
below 4000 meters
c)
above 200 meters
d)
between 200 and 1000 meters
33.
Which factors limit the productivity of a marine ecosystem?
a)
availability of light and nutrients
b)
availability of nutrients and fresh water
c)
availability of light and chemosynthetic organisms
d)
availability of photosynthetic organisms and fresh water
34.
To which condition do all species in the ocean depths have to adapt?
a)
lower salinity
b)
extreme pressure
c)
swift ocean currents
d)
hot water temperature
35.
Light does not reach the bottom of the ocean, yet certain species on the bottom of the ocean get energy to live?
a)
algae and bacteria produce energy through photosynthesis
b)
hydrothermal vents produce energy through chemical reactions
c)
dead plants and animals produce energy through decomposition
36.
Which best describes the most abundant form of ocean life?
a)
fish
b)
algae
c)
microbes
37.
Most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is produced in the top six inches of the oceans. Which best explains this?
a)
Oxygen is produced as a by-product as fish breathe through their gills
b)
oxygen is produced by seawater, which evaporates into pure oxygen and hydrogen
c)
oxygen is produced by deepwater plants and is then moved to the surface of the ocean
d)
oxygen is produced by photosynthetic microorganisms that live near the surface of the ocean
38.
Why are large numbers of ocean animals found in areas where upwelling occurs?
a)
oxygen is increased by the movement of water
b)
oxygen is decreased by the movement of water
c)
nutrients are increased by the movement of water
d)
nutrients are decreased by the movement of water
39.
Which best explains the importance of estuaries?
a)
estuaries are freshwater areas that support a large amount of living things
b)
estuaries are areas where freshwater and salt water collide, resulting in a large amount of biodiversity
c)
estuaries are tropical areas that support an abundance of life found usually in cold regions of the ocean
d)
Estuaries are nutrient-rich areas because they have large amounts of carbon dioxide seeping into the water from the ground below
40.
As ecosystems move through the stages of succession, the populations of organisms in them change. Which of the following describes the stage of succession likely to have the most species diversity?
a)
A newly formed volcanic island
b)
An agricultural field that has not been plowed for one year
c)
A temperate forest that has never been cleared by logging
d)
A field that is regularly mowed
41.
a)
Cold-tolerant bacteria that feed on sulfur and iron in the vents
b)
Giant kelp that use sulfur in photosynthesis
c)
Fish that do not need oxygen for cellular respiration
d)
Ocean mammals that tolerate cold and act as top predators in the food chain
42.
a)
I, II, IV, III
b)
III, I, II, IV
c)
IV, III, I, II
d)
II, IV, I, III
43.
a)
tree-leaf replacement after a storm
b)
succession after a fire
c)
repeated habitat destruction
d)
decreased species diversity
44.
Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral reefs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral-reef environment?
a)
Commensal
b)
Mutualistic
c)
Predator-prey
d)
Parasitic
45.
a)
commensal, because the bats provide a surface for the fungus to grow
b)
parasitic, because the fungus obtains nutrients and shelter from the bats
c)
competitive, because both organisms use caves as shelter during the winter
d)
mutualistic, because the relationship involves two distinct species living together
46.
a)
X: mutualism
Y: parasitism
Z: commensalism
Y: parasitism
Z: commensalism
b)
X: commensalism
Y: mutualism
Z: parasitism
Y: mutualism
Z: parasitism
c)
X: parasitism
Y: commensalism
Z: mutualism
Y: commensalism
Z: mutualism
d)
X: commensalism
Y: parasitism
Z: mutualism
Y: parasitism
Z: mutualism
47.
a)
It eats and disperses the trees' seeds
b)
It eats the trees' excess seeds and prevents other animals from doing so
c)
It cleans the rain forest floor of debris, allowing for easier motility
d)
It prevents the trees' seeds from rotting on the rain forest floor
48.
a)
Commensalism
b)
Mutualism
c)
Neutralism
d)
Parasitism
49.
A native species and a non-native species are competing for resources within the same ecosystem. The non-native species is more likely to survive than the native species in which of the following situations?
a)
Both the native species and the non-native species thrive on the same food source
b)
The native species is immune to certain pathogens in the ecosystem
c)
Predators prey on both native and non-native species
d)
The non-native species has no natural enemies in the ecosystem
50.
a)
Nutrients from the soil
b)
Living space for the organisms
c)
Food sources
d)
Heat
51.
a)
Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and squirrels
b)
Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and foxes
c)
Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes
d)
Insectivorous birds, seed-eating birds, owls, and hawks
52.
a)
Producers
b)
Decomposers
c)
Omnivores
d)
Predators
53.
a)
Pink salmon were nearly eliminated after the oil spill.
b)
Pink salmon populations steadily declined in the 10 years following the spill.
c)
Pink salmon populations declined and never fully recovered.
d)
Pink salmon populations seemed to be minimally affected.
54.
a)
New species of frogs that feed on both the fungus and the infected species of frogs will evolve.
b)
Plants will no longer grow in the waters of the affected ecosystems, and fish species will increase.
c)
The fungus will move on land and destroy reptile and mammal populations in tropical ecosystems.
d)
Populations of algae and mosquitoes will increase, leading to fish die-offs and potential increases in human malaria cases.
55.
The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following?
a)
Allows more sunlight to be available to algae
b)
Inhibits the spread of pathogens in algae colonies
c)
Reduces the number of organisms that feed on algae
d)
Increases the competition between different algae species
56.
a)
Reduced nutrients from the land support fewer producers in the sea.
b)
Water trapped behind the dam causes the marine ecosystem to move inland.
c)
The flooding in August through November causes marine life to be destroyed.
d)
The water temperature of the sea has increased.
57.
Which statement is true about an ecosystem?
a)
An ecosystem is only made up of living organisms in an environment.
b)
An ecosystem is made up of a few living organisms and their nonliving surroundings in an environment..
c)
An ecosystem is made up of all the living organisms and their nonliving surroundings in an environment
d)
An ecosystem is only made up of nonliving factors in an environment.
58.
If the water bug population suddenly decreased dramatically, which organism would be effected immediately?
a)
Dragonfly
b)
Daphnia
c)
Tadpole
d)
Kookaburra
59.
one organism kills and eats another
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
60.
both organisms need the same resources
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
predation
61.
one organism benefits, the other is harmed
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
62.
The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram below shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs.
Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle
Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle
a)
The destruction of terrestrial biota
b)
Increases in marine biota
c)
A reduction in the use of fossil fuels
d)
A thickening of ocean sediments
63.
A student is studying the ecology of a playa lake, which forms after a rainfall in a dry lake bed. The table lists the organisms that the student observed.
Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?
Which level of biological organization has the student described in the table?
a)
Biosphere
b)
Organelle
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
64.
A harmless scarlet king snake and a venomous eastern coral snake have similar band patterns, as shown below. For the scarlet king snake, the adaptation of having a banding pattern like the eastern coral snake is known as mimicry.
The outcome of this adaptation in the scarlet king snake is to —
The outcome of this adaptation in the scarlet king snake is to —
a)
make it easier for the scarlet king snake to attract prey
b)
make it easier for the scarlet king snake to interbreed with the other snake
c)
allow the scarlet king snake to blend in with its environment
d)
protect the scarlet king snake from predators
65.
The diagram represents different levels of a marine food pyramid. Between which two levels is the least amount of energy transferred
a)
R and Q
b)
S and R
c)
T and S
d)
U and T
66.
Shallow coastal waters provide an essential habitat to a variety of plants and animals. A small part of a coastal food web is shown. Which organism is a primary consumer?
a)
algae
b)
horseshoe crab
c)
striped bass
d)
soft-shell clam
67.
What type of succession does these pictures describe? What would be the first pioneer organisms to appear?
a)
Primary succession, lichen
b)
Primary succession, grass
c)
Secondary succession, lichen
d)
Secondary succession, grass
68.
Hummingbirds need large amounts of energy to flap their wings between 60 and 200 times per second. Their wings beat so rapidly that it is difficult to see them move. They often appear suspended in air for extended periods of time without changing their location. Hummingbirds have long bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar. They also feed on insects. Which term best describes the ecological relationship between hummingbirds and insects?
a)
mutualism
b)
parasite-host
c)
predator-prey
d)
commensalism
69.
Coral reefs provide
a)
shelter
b)
tourism
c)
protection from storms
d)
all the above
70.
What percent of all the plants and animals in the ocean live around coral reefs?
a)
25 percent
b)
30 percent
c)
50 percent
d)
10 percent
71.
What builds up over time to form a reef?
a)
Sand
b)
Coral skeletons
c)
Fish bones
d)
Rocks
72.
Coral reefs are important to medical research.
a)
true
b)
false
73.
Greenland sharks can live
a)
50 years
b)
100 years
c)
between 260 and 400 years
d)
2 months
74.
Who causes the most damage to coral reefs?
a)
Whales
b)
Fish
c)
Boats
d)
Humans
75.
What is a tiny individual coral animal?
a)
Polyps
b)
Crevice
c)
Atolls
d)
Erosion
76.
What is the biggest ecological benefit of coral reefs?
a)
tourism
b)
seafood
c)
habitat
d)
protection of shoreline
77.
What threatens the reefs in the fall?
a)
predators
b)
pollution
c)
hurricanes
d)
elevated temperatures
78.
Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
a)
Puerto Rico
b)
Florida
c)
Indonisia
d)
Australia
79.
What is the biggest economic benefit of coral reefs?
a)
filtration
b)
habitat
c)
tourism
d)
protection of shoreline
80.
What covers coral when it is dead?
a)
Life
b)
Algae
c)
Fish
d)
Seaweed
81.
Coral polyps eat zooxanthellae
a)
True
b)
False
82.
In warm tropical ocean ecosystems, all other life forms depend on which of the following:
a)
Coral
b)
Shrimp
c)
Algae
d)
Bacteria
83.
How many years old can a very mature coral reef be?
a)
15 years old
b)
100 years old
c)
250 years old
d)
1000 years old
84.
What type of organism are corals?
a)
Plants
b)
Animals
c)
Bacteria
d)
Fungi
85.
Which coral-consuming organism has jaws so powerful it can bite through rock?
a)
Parrotfish
b)
King Crab
c)
Polyps
d)
Whale Sharks
86.
One individual living thing:
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Organism
d)
Ecosystem
87.
All the different fish in a fish tank is an example of a(n):
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Community
c)
Population
d)
Organism
88.
A single goldfish named Goldie in a fish tank is an example of a(n):
a)
Ecosystem
b)
Community
c)
Population
d)
Organism
89.
Arctic ecosystems are considered marine ecosystems because nearly all the_________ in this area comes from the ocean.
a)
Animals
b)
Food
c)
Snow
d)
Fresh water
90.
Which of the following is a factor that influences where an organism lives in an aquatic ecosystem?
a)
sunlight
b)
nutrient availability
c)
temperature
d)
all of the above
91.
The bottom area of a pond or lake.
a)
Littoral zone
b)
Benthic zone
c)
Swamp
d)
Barrier island
92.
Bottom dwelling organisms.
a)
Plankton
b)
Fish
c)
Mammals
d)
Benthos
93.
Free swimming organisms
a)
Benthos
b)
Nekton
c)
Amoba
d)
Crustacean
94.
Organisms that cannot swim against current.
a)
Fish
b)
Plankton
c)
Crustacean
d)
Benthos
95.
Why does photosynthesis not occur in the deep ocean?
a)
Lack of nutrients
b)
Low oxygen levels
c)
Excess sunlight
d)
Sunlight does not penetrate
96.
What is the source of most ocean pollution
a)
activities on land
b)
climate change
c)
aquatic animals
d)
none of the above
97.
The role or function or job of a species in a community.
a)
habitat
b)
diet
c)
niche
d)
ecosystem
98.
In Antartic ecosystems, all animals depend on which species in the food chain?
a)
Penguins
b)
Polar bears
c)
Krill
d)
Leopard seals
99.
Red mangroves
a)
are much like normal trees thus growing well past the high tide line
b)
have their roots coming out of the trunk thus propping them up in the water
c)
have many roots poking out of the mud exposed to the air
d)
are a species of fish
100.
This is a
a)
white mangrove
b)
red mangrove
c)
black mangrove
d)
red cypress tree
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