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Unit 1 AP Biology Insta-Review (Chemistry of Life)

Total questions: 102

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What type of bond is found in water molecules?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Van der Waals

2.

How does the covalent bond in water create the hydrogen bond between water molecules?

4 lines
3.

Water property responsible for water movement up the stem

a)

Adhesion and cohesion

b)

Less dense as solid

c)

Specific heat

d)

Surface tension

4.

Water property responsible for evaporative cooling

a)

Adhesion and cohesion

b)

Less dense as solid

c)

Specific heat

d)

Surface tension

5.

Water property responsible for lake life surviving winter

a)

Adhesion and cohesion

b)

Less dense as solid

c)

Specific heat

d)

Surface tension

6.

What type of bond is found between water molecules?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Van der Waals

7.

What is a hydrogen bond?

4 lines
8.

What property of water is responsible for skipping rocks on a pond?

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

c)

Evaporative Cooling

d)

Less Dense as Solid

9.

What property of water is responsible for aquatic life surviving winter?

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

c)

Evaporative Cooling

d)

Less Dense as Solid

10.

What property of water is used by organism during sweating?

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

c)

Evaporative Cooling

d)

Less Dense as Solid

11.

What property of water is responsible for water reaching the leaves from the soil?

4 lines
12.

Where are hydrogen bonds in proteins?

Note: There is more than one answer to this. Focus on the place where ONLY hydrogen bonds exist.

a)

Between amino acids

b)

Between backbone

c)

Between the R groups

d)

Between polypeptides

13.

Where are hydrogen bonds in nucleic acids?

a)

Between carbons in sugar ring

b)

Between nitrogenous bases

c)

Between nucleotides

d)

Between phosphates

14.

How do polar substances dissolve in water?

4 lines
15.

A macromolecule is found to have C, H, O, N, and S. Identify?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

16.

A macromolecule is found to have C, H, O, N, and P. Identify?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

17.

What macromolecule also has phosphate?

4 lines
18.

Two students are attempting to recreate the Hershey and Chase experiment to identify the genetic information for a cell. They use radioactive Nitrogen to track the material of interest. 

Why can't they identify the genetic material? 

4 lines
19.

Where is the Nitrogen in proteins?

4 lines
20.

Where is the Nitrogen in nucleic acids?

4 lines
21.

How many valence electrons does Carbon have?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

22.

What type of bond does Carbon make other atoms?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Van der Waals

23.

Why is the carbon/carbon bond non-polar but with carbon/oxygen polar?

4 lines
24.

Which of the following macromolecules include nitrogen?

a)

Carbohydrates & Lipids

b)

Lipids & Nucleic Acids

c)

Nucleic Acids & Proteins

d)

Proteins & Carbohydrates

25.

Where is the nitrogen in nucleic acids and proteins?

4 lines
26.

Which of the following macromolecules has phosphate?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Fat

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

27.

Which of the following macromolecules has sulfur?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Fat

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

Protein

28.

Which macromolecule has a ratio of 1:2:1 ratio with C:H:O?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Proteins

29.

Phospholipids are a type of lipid that include…

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Sulfur

30.

Describe the difference between the dehydration and hydrolysis

4 lines
31.

What are the four components bound to a central carbon in an amino acids?

4 lines
32.

What elements are found in all lipids?

a)

CHO

b)

CHON

c)

CHOS

d)

CHOP

33.

The process of breaking bonds by splitting water

a)

Dehydration

b)

Hydrolysis 

34.

What is formed from hydrolysis of proteins?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Glycerol & fatty acids

c)

Monosaccharides

d)

Nucleotides

35.

Process of forming bonds by removing water molecules

a)

Dehydration

b)

Hydrolysis

36.

Dehydration with nucleotides form what?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Protein

d)

Triglyceride

37.

Dehydration with glycerol and fatty acids forms what?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Protein

d)

Triglyceride

38.

Describe how a peptide bond is formed

4 lines
39.

Why aren't lipids considered polymers? 

4 lines
40.

Reaction to synthesize polymers from monomers

a)

Dehydration

b)

Hydrolysis

41.

Reaction to remove monomers from polymers

a)

Dehydration

b)

Hydrolysis

42.

Type of bond broken when amino acids released

a)

Ester Linkage

b)

Peptide Bond

c)

Phosphodiester linkage

43.

Specifically, where is the peptide bond in proteins?

4 lines
44.

Where would you find the phosphodiester linkage in nucleic acids?

4 lines
45.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

4 lines
46.

What are the components of an amino acid?

4 lines
47.

If R group is polar, how does the section fold? Why?

a)

Folds in because hydrophilic

b)

Folds out because hydrophilic

c)

Folds in because hydrophobic

d)

Folds out because hydrophobic

48.

What level of structure does the R group interact effect?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

49.

Which lipid makes up the plasma membrane?

a)

Fats

b)

Phospholipids

c)

Steroids

50.

How do phospholipids associate to form a membrane?

4 lines
51.

What is the function of cellulose?

a)

Storage carbohydrate for animals

b)

Storage carbohydrate for plants

c)

Structural carbohydrate for animals

d)

Structural carbohydrate for plants

52.

What type of fatty acid has double bonds to inhibit compression?

a)

Saturated

b)

Unsaturated

53.

Which of the following is the monomer of carbohydrates?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Fatty Acid

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Nucleotide

54.

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Fatty Acid

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Nucleotide

55.

Which of the following is the monomer of nucleic acids?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Fatty Acid

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Nucleotide

56.

Lipids are not considered polymers since they have no monomers.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Identify the three components of a phospholipid.

4 lines
58.

DNA and RNA differ in their sugar and a nitrogenous base. DNA has…

a)

Deoxyribose; Thymine

b)

Deoxyribose; Uracil

c)

Ribose; Thymine

d)

Ribose; Uracil

59.

DNA and RNA differ in their sugar and a nitrogenous base. RNA has…

a)

Deoxyribose; Thymine

b)

Deoxyribose; Uracil

c)

Ribose; Thymine

d)

Ribose; Uracil

60.

Hydrophilic side chains will fold ___ of the polypeptide.

a)

Towards the exterior

b)

Towards the interior

c)

No affect on folding

61.

Which side chain of amino acids would fold inward?

a)

Charged

b)

Hydrophilic

c)

Hydrophobic

62.

Describe the difference between a saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acid?

4 lines
63.

Which describes polarity of phospholipids?

a)

Polar head facing exterior, fatty acid tails face interior

b)

Polar head facing interior, fatty acid tails face exterior

c)

Both polar head and fatty acid tails is hydrophobic

d)

Both polar head and fatty acid tails is hydrophilic

64.

What is at the 5' end of a nucleic acid?

a)

Carbon

b)

Hydroxyl

c)

Nitrogenous Base 

d)

Phosphate 

65.

What is at the 3' end of a nucleic acid?

a)

Carbon

b)

Hydroxyl

c)

Nitrogenous Base 

d)

Phosphate 

66.

What is the direction of DNA synthesis?

a)

3' to 5’

b)

5' to 3’

c)

It's anti-parallel so either direction is correct

67.

What does antiparallel mean in terms of the nucleic acids?

4 lines
68.

What type of bond is between nitrogenous bases?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Van der Waals

69.

Why would a strand with more G/C bonding be more stable than A/T bonding?

4 lines
70.

Where are new bonds formed in a growing polypeptide?

a)

Amine group

b)

Carboxyl group

c)

Hydrogen

d)

R-group

71.

What is the bond between amino acids called?

a)

Ester linkage

b)

Glycosidic linkage

c)

Peptide bond

d)

Phosphodiester linkage

72.

Describe the orientation of the amino acids that form the peptide bond

4 lines
73.

What level of protein structure of is described as hydrogen bonds between backbone?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

74.

What level of protein structure of is described as peptide bonds between amino acids?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

75.

What level of protein structure of is described as bonding between two polypeptide chains?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

76.

What level of protein structure of is described as alpha helix/beta-pleated sheet?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

77.

What level of protein structure of is described as bonding between R-groups or the final three-dimensional shape?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

78.

What happens if a protein loses its three-dimensional structure? 

4 lines
79.

What pairs with adenine in DNA?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

80.

Why does adenine pair with thymine?

4 lines
81.

What is at the 5’ end of the DNA?

a)

Hydroxyl

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Phosphate

d)

Sugar

82.

What is at the 3’ end of the DNA?

a)

Hydroxyl

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Phosphate

d)

Sugar

83.

How many hydrogen bonds are between C & G?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

84.

How many hydrogen bonds are between A & T?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

85.

What is the type of bond in the secondary structure of proteins?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Peptide

86.

The tertiary structure involves interactions of the

a)

Amino group

b)

Carboxyl group

c)

Hydrogen

d)

R group

87.

What is the type of bond found in the primary structure of proteins?

a)

Covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Peptide

88.

Which describes the orientation for the new peptide bond?

First functional group is on the pre-peptide bond structure and the second functional group is on the post-peptide bond structure.

a)

Amino to Amino

b)

Amino to Carboxyl

c)

Carboxyl to Amino

d)

Carboxyl to Carboxyl

89.

How does the structure of fat differ from the structure of a phospholipid?

a)

Fat has an extra fatty acid

b)

Fat has a phosphate group instead of a fatty acid

c)

Phospholipid has an extra fatty acid

d)

Phospholipids have a phosphate instead of a fatty acid

90.

When new nucleotides are added, which side does it add to?

a)

3’ end

b)

5’ end

91.

What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?

4 lines
92.

How are all of the components of a nucleotide oriented? 

4 lines
93.

How does the pentose sugar differ between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA= deoxyribose,

RNA= ribose

b)

DNA= dextrose, RNA= ribose

c)

DNA= deoxyribose,

RNA= ribozyme

d)

DNA= dextrose, RNA= ribozyme

94.

How does the nitrogenous base differ between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA - cytosine, RNA - guanine

b)

DNA - uracil,

RNA - thymine

c)

DNA - guanine, RNA - cytosine

d)

DNA - thymine, RNA - uracil

95.

How does the phosphate differ between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA- 1 phosphate,

RNA- 2 phosphate

b)

DNA- phosphate acts as acid,

RNA- phosphate acts as base

c)

There is no difference

96.

Traditionally, how is the strands different?

a)

DNA - single,

RNA - double

b)

DNA - single,

RNA - triple

c)

DNA - double,

RNA - single

d)

DNA - triple,

RNA - single

97.

Which nitrogenous base is not found in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

98.

What is the pentose sugar found in DNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Dextrose

c)

Ribose

d)

Rubisco

99.

What is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Dextrose

c)

Ribose

d)

Rubisco

100.

Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

101.

What is the directionality of a DNA strand?

a)

DNA is 3’ to 5’ and antiparallel

b)

DNA is 5’ to 3’ and antiparallel

c)

DNA is 3’ to 5’ and parallel

d)

DNA is 5’ to 3’ and parallel

102.

DNA is usually ___ and RNA is usually ___

a)

Double stranded; double stranded

b)

Double stranded; single stranded

c)

Single stranded; double stranded

d)

Single stranded; single stranded

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