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WorksheetsSpring MidTerm - Biology
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 2hrs 56mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Who is considered the "Father of Genetics?"
a)
James Watson
b)
Francis Crick
c)
Gregor Mendel
d)
Albert Einstein
2.
What is another name for "true breeding?"
a)
Heterozygous
b)
Purebred
c)
Hybrid
d)
Cross Pollinating
3.
Gregor Mendel's "P" Generation consisted of plants which were ______________ with opposite traits.
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Incompletely Dominant
4.
All offspring plants in the F1 generation were purple because purple is the ______________ trait.
a)
Heterozygous
b)
Homozygous
c)
Dominant
d)
Recessive
5.
A __________ is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which leads to a particular trait.
a)
Gene
b)
Allele
c)
Codon
d)
Nucleotide
6.
Which of the following best describes a GENOTYPE?
a)
The allele/genetic makeup of an organism.
b)
The physical expression of a trait.
7.
Which of the following is an example of a GENOTYPE?
a)
25%
b)
Blue
c)
1:2:1
d)
Bb
8.
Which of the following is an example of a PHENOTYPE?
a)
25%
b)
Blue
c)
1:2:1
d)
Bb
9.
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous dominant genotype?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
10.
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous recessive genotype?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
11.
What is the FUNCTION of the visual tool seen in the image?
a)
Identifies the location of a gene.
b)
Determines the DNA sequence of an organism.
c)
Predicts the possible results of a genetic cross.
d)
Tests for the presence of dominant alleles.
12.
What is another name for heterozygous?
a)
Hybrid
b)
Purebred
c)
Codominant
d)
Mixed Breed
13.
In chickens, feather color is codominant. If a black chicken BB is mated with one that is black and white (BW), what is the probability of having a chicken that is black and white?
a)
1/4
b)
1/2
c)
3/4
d)
100%
14.
In some carnations, flower color exhibits codominance. When crossed, red (RR) and white (WW) flowers make speckled flowers (RW) that show both colors.
Complete a cross between a speckled flower and a red flower. Find the phenotype ratio.
Complete a cross between a speckled flower and a red flower. Find the phenotype ratio.
a)
1 red: 1 speckled
b)
4 red: 0 speckled
c)
4 speckled: 0 white
d)
1 speckled: 1 white
15.
A roan cow shows co-dominance in fur color (orange and white). What is the expected phenotypic ratio if a roan cow and a roan steer mate together?
a)
100% Orange
b)
1: Orange : 1 White
c)
1 Orange: 1 Roan
d)
1: Orange: 2 Roan: 1 White
16.
A red flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance. What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
17.
What pattern of inheritance is described by this example?
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
simple dominance
d)
polygenic trait
18.
What pattern of inheritance is described by this example?
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
simple dominance
d)
multiple alleles
19.
Examine the pedigree. Assuming the presence of white forelock hair trait is dominant to no forelock. What can you tell about the individuals labeled "2" in the chart?
a)
the male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous.
b)
the male is homozygous and the female is heterozygous.
c)
the male is homozygous and the female is homozygous.
d)
the male is heterozygous and the female is heterozygous.
20.
One form of a gene is called_______________
a)
a DNA
b)
a Phenotype
c)
a trait
d)
an allele
21.
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a)
Fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only
b)
The allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c)
The allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d)
Males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
22.
Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
a)
plants only
b)
animals only
c)
pea plants only
d)
all organisms that reproduce sexually
23.
In rabbits, there are 4 different versions of allele for coat color. What pattern of inheritance?
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
polygenic inheritance
c)
codominance
d)
multiple alleles
24.
Gametes have
a)
homologous chromosomes.
b)
twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells.
c)
two sets of chromosomes.
d)
one allele for each gene.
25.
How many alleles do you have (usually) for each gene?
a)
0
b)
1
c)
2
d)
3
26.
What mutation has occurred here?
a)
Gene Translocation
b)
Deletion
c)
Non-disjunction
d)
Frameshift
27.
ATTTGAGCC - Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
28.
What is the correct mRNA strand from this DNA?
CAC-GTG-ACT-GTT
CAC-GTG-ACT-GTT
a)
GTG-CAC-TGT-CGC
b)
CAC-GUG-ACA-GCG
c)
GUG-CAC-UGA-CAA
d)
GUG-CUC-UGU-CUU
29.
This image show what type of mutation?
a)
non - disjunction
b)
frameshift
c)
gene duplication
d)
gene translocation
30.
What is a codon?
a)
It is a three letter section of bases that are read by ribosomes to stamp amino acids into a protein
b)
They are the codes on the DNA (hence "code-on"
c)
It is a type of mutation that occurs when there has been a substitution, deletion or insertion.
d)
It is a made up word for this quiz. Nice try, Jewett.
31.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
32.
What type of gene mutation has occurred here?
Normal: T-G-A-C-C-A
Mutant: T-G-A-C-C-A-A
Normal: T-G-A-C-C-A
Mutant: T-G-A-C-C-A-A
a)
Base Substitution
b)
Base Deletion
c)
Base Insertion
d)
Frameshift
33.
What is the central dogma of biology? (aka. big idea)
a)
Proteins are made from RNA that assembles amino acids through DNA ribosomes.
b)
RNA copies all information for an organism onto DNA which assembles ribosomes, and creates amino acids from proteins
c)
DNA is the blueprint for an organism. RNA copies specific sections that need to be built and transfers that information to a ribosome which assembles proteins out of amino acids.
d)
RNA is the blueprint for an organism. It copies its information onto DNA, which takes amino acids (like lego building blocks) and assembles those acids into proteins.
34.
In sickle cell anemia, the structure of the protein hemoglobin is changed by a mutation in a single base. The codon GAA in the mRNA changes to GUA. What does this change result in?
a)
No change, both code for the amino acid glutamate.
b)
The amino acid glutamate is replaced by the amino acid valine
c)
The amino acid leucine is replaced by a stop codon.
d)
The start codon is changed so the protein can't be synthesized.
35.
Down syndrome is usually caused by
a)
one too many chromosomes
b)
one too few chromosomes
36.
A lethal mutation is one that
a)
is unnoticeable
b)
passed on to offspring
c)
causes death of the organism
d)
is harmful to the organism
37.
What type of mutation occurs in gametes (reproductive cells) or the cells that form gametes?
a)
polyploid mutation
b)
somatic mutation
c)
germ mutation
d)
chromosomal mutation
38.
What type of gene mutation results from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides and alters the entire amino acid sequence from that point forward?
a)
Frameshift
b)
Missense
c)
Nonsense
d)
Silent
39.
Which of the following events causes a change in chromosome number?
a)
Duplication
b)
Mutogenesis
c)
Nondisjuction
d)
Parthenogenesis
40.
What type of mutation results in a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA?
a)
Chromosomal mutation
b)
Gene mutation
c)
Nondisjunction mutation
41.
In addition to Darwin, which scientists proposed that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution?
a)
Lamarck
b)
Lyell
c)
Malthus
d)
Wallace
42.
Which of the following individuals suggested that overpopulation will lead to competition and a struggle for existence?
a)
Darwin
b)
Lamarck
c)
Lyell
d)
Malthus
43.
Which of the following scientists suggested that the earth was actually millions of years old?
a)
Darwin
b)
Lyell
c)
Malthus
d)
Wallace
44.
Which of the following scientists suggested, incorrectly, that traits gained during an organism's life time are passed onto their offspring?
a)
Lamarck
b)
Lyell
c)
Malthus
d)
Wallace
45.
Which type of selection results in fewer individuals with the average or intermediate form of the trait, effectively splitting the population into two groups?
a)
Directional
b)
Disruptive
c)
Stabilizing
46.
Which type of selection results in the loss of genetic diversity by favoring the intermediate form of a trait and eliminating the trait's extreme forms?
a)
Directional
b)
Disruptive
c)
Stabilizing
47.
Which type of isolation occurs when organisms mate at different times?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Geographic
c)
Temporal
48.
Which type of isolation occurs when organisms do different things to attract a mate?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Geographic
c)
Temporal
49.
Which type of reproductive isolation results from a physical barrier separating two groups of a population?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Geographic
c)
Temporal
50.
Which concept suggests that organisms best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
a)
Artificial Selection
b)
Common Descent
c)
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
d)
Natural Selection
51.
Which term refers to physical or behavioral traits that enable an organism's survival?
a)
Adaptation
b)
Fitness
c)
Homologous structures
d)
Vestigial structures
52.
Which term refers to an organism's ability to survive and produce viable offspring?
a)
Adaptation
b)
Fitness
c)
Speciation
d)
Variation
53.
Which of the following processes occurs when humans select the traits they want organisms to express?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Common descent
c)
Natural selection
d)
Reproductive isolation
54.
All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a
a)
group
b)
population
c)
variation
d)
fossil
55.
Individuals who are considered fit, have:
a)
Stronger genes
b)
Fewer mutations
c)
More food
d)
More offspring
56.
Brown mice survive and reproduce in their desert environment better than white mice because owls can see and eat the white mice more easily. In this situation, what is doing the selecting?
a)
Owl
b)
Desert Background
c)
Brown Mice
d)
White Mice
57.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
58.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
59.
Evolution is a change in _________ over time.
a)
Populations
b)
Individuals
c)
Ecosystems
60.
What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
a)
Their feathers
b)
Genotypes
c)
Their beaks
d)
Their body sizes
61.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
62.
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)
a)
change
b)
adaption
c)
species
d)
variation
63.
The green frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog.
Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?
Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?
a)
A. It increases the probability that some offspring will survive long enough to reproduce.
b)
It increases the chance of the recombination of alleles, leading to genetic drift in the population.
c)
A. It increases opportunities for offspring to compete for limited resources.
64.
What is speciation?
a)
combining of tow species to form one with different traits
b)
isolation that affects mating behaviors
c)
timing of mating that prevents normal sexual selection
d)
divergence of two or more species from an existing one
65.
Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection?
a)
People selectively breeding hamsters.
b)
Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.
c)
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
d)
Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.
66.
All of the genetic information found in a population.
a)
population
b)
genetic drift
c)
evolution
d)
gene pool
67.
Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...
a)
random chance
b)
natural selection
c)
non-random mating (sexual selection)
d)
artificial selection
68.
What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America?
a)
different species on different islands
b)
all species on one of the islands
c)
identical species on all the islands
d)
the same species as North America
69.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
70.
What was the name of the ship Charles Darwin sailed on?
a)
Boaty McBoaty Face
b)
HMS Beagle
c)
HMS Britannia
d)
HMS Bulldog
71.
What is this an example of?
a)
diversity of species
b)
variation
c)
vestigial structures
d)
DNA studies
72.
2. A species of rodent lives in a moist forest climate. Over time, the climate becomes drier and more desert-like. Which of these adaptations would most likely improve the chances that the rodent species could survive as its environment changes?
a)
A. having dark hair and small ears
b)
B. living above ground in damp areas
c)
C. being able to eat only one type of berry
d)
D. being able to eat plants that survive in a dry environment
73.
Which of the following correctly defines one of the four parts of natural selection?
a)
A. extinction: the state in which all of the members of a species have died
b)
B. adaptation: an acquired trait that lets an organism better survive in its environment
c)
C. overproduction: the process by which each generation produces more offspring than
the previous generation produced
d)
D. variation: the difference in the heritable traits of an individual from those of other
individuals in the same species or population
74.
The map above represents the 5-year journey of the HMS Beagle from 1831–1836. While on the voyage, Charles Darwin noted that organisms living in similar island habitats around the world were not alike. He also observed that island organisms more closely resembled those from neighboring mainlands. On the Galapagos Islands he observed that each island had its own distinct populations of species with slightly different traits.
a)
They all swam from different oceans
b)
They descended from a common ancestor
c)
Darwin placed the organisms on the separate islands
75.
A population of pigs with small, medium, and long snouts lives on an island together with burrowing termites. Pigs that have the longest snouts tend to survive better. Over time, most of the pig population is made up of individuals that have very long snouts. This is an example of which type of selection?
a)
directional selection
b)
disruptive selection
c)
stabilizing selection
d)
sexual selection
76.
If finches with average sized beaks increase in a population while finches with large and small sized beaks decrease, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?
a)
Directional selection
b)
Disruptive selection
c)
Stabilizing selection
d)
Sexual Selection
77.
If finches with large beaks and finches with small beaks increase in a population while finches with average sized beaks decreases, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?
a)
Directional selection
b)
Disruptive selection
c)
Stabilizing selection
d)
Sexual Selection
78.
Which statement best describes the modes of selection depicted in the figure?
a)
stabilizing selection, changing the average color of the population over time
b)
directional selection, favoring the average individual
c)
directional selection, changing the average age color of the population over time
d)
disruptive selection, favoring the average individual
79.
Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has rebounded to over 30,000 they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted. Which agent of change is this ?
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Gene Flow
d)
Mutation
80.
Domesticated reindeer in western Alaska escape and mate with migrating caribou, adding the alleles for short legs and tame behavior. This is an example of ?
a)
Mutation
b)
Genetic Drift
c)
Gene pool
d)
Gene flow
81.
When a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies should remain constant. Which of the following populations is most likely experiencing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a)
When a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies should remain constant. Which of the following populations is most likely experiencing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
b)
In a spider population, the males with the most intricate courtship dance get selected as mates more quickly than other male spiders.
c)
In a mosquito population, being heterozygous for a given trait makes the individuals resistant to four viral infections
d)
In a large moth population, both red and orange moths are consistently abundant
82.
What does the image represent?
a)
Gene flow
b)
Genetic drift
c)
Mutation
d)
Adaptation
83.
Genetic drift is likely to be seen in a population
a)
That has a low mutation rate
b)
In which natural selection is occurring
c)
That is very small
d)
For which environmental conditions are changing
84.
What most likely caused the finches on the Galapagos Islands to have beaks that were differnt from the finches living on the South American mainland?
a)
They were different types of food available on the island.
b)
The finches on the islands had to drink salt water.
c)
There were different types of predators living on the island.
d)
The finches on the mainland built different types of nests.
85.
What type of selection?
a)
Directional
b)
Stabilizing
c)
Disruptive
86.
What type of natural selection is this?
a)
Disruptive Selection
b)
Directional Selection
c)
Stabilizing Selection
d)
Sexy Selection
87.
What type of selection is depicted in the picture?
a)
stabilizing
b)
directional
c)
disruptive
d)
the answer is not here
88.
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
a)
is a mutation
b)
can be a mutation or an epigenetic change
c)
is an epigenetic change
d)
always leads to a permanent change in DNA
89.
Which of the following is NOT a condition that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a)
Large population size
b)
No mutations
c)
No immigration or emigration
d)
Dominant alleles are more frequent than recessive alleles
e)
No natural selection
90.
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is NOT happening to the species?
a)
Survival
b)
Reproduction
c)
Death
d)
Evolution
91.
What part of the Hardy Weinberg formula is used to determine the allele frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes (AA)?
a)
p2
b)
2pq
c)
q2
92.
What part of the Hardy Weinberg formula is used to determine the allele frequency of homozygous recessive genotypes (aa)?
a)
p2
b)
2pq
c)
q2
93.
What part of the Hardy Weinberg formula is used to determine the allele frequency of heterozygous genotypes (Aa)?
a)
p2
b)
2pq
c)
q2
94.
If the dominant allele has a frequency of 0.6 what is the frequency of the recessive allele?
a)
p= 0.4
b)
q = 0.4
c)
p= 0.6
d)
q= 0.6
95.
If the recessive allele has a frequency of 0.75 what is the frequency of the dominant allele?
a)
p= 0.75
b)
q = 0.75
c)
p= 0.25
d)
q= 0.25
96.
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 0.09. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for the dominant allele?
a)
0.7
b)
0.21
c)
0.42
d)
0.49
e)
0.91
97.
A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele. p2 is
a)
0.09
b)
0.42
c)
0.49
d)
0.3
e)
0.7
98.
A population of frogs has 72 individuals who are brown in color and 128 individuals who express the dominant green color. What is the dominant allele frequency for this population?
a)
0.6
b)
0.4
c)
0.36
d)
0.16
e)
0.48
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