Examples of energy that fuel provides

Most of the energy used today comes from organisms (plants, animals, other organisms) that lived hundreds of millions of years ago.

True of how fossil fuels formed:

The energy rich substances formed from the remains:

Three major fossil fuels include all but

Fossil fuels are made of

Hydrocarbons are:

When fossil fuels are burned, the atoms react. They combine with oxygen to form new molecules. These reactions release energy in the form of heat and light.

Burning fossils fuels burns more energy per kilogram than burning other fuels.

Burning one kilogram of coal can provide twice as much energy as one kilogram of wood.

Burning oil and natural gas can provide two times as much energy as an equal mass of wood.

True of coal

True of oil

Not true of natural gas

In the United States, coal

Coal is the most plentiful fossil fuel in the United States.

Origin of the word petroleum:

True of oil except

Most oil deposits are located underground in tiny holes in sandstone or limestone.

It is easy to find underground oil deposits using sound waves.

Crude oil

A factory in which crude oil is heated and separated into fuels and other products

Chemicals are compounds made from oil and used to make plastics, paints, medicines and cosmetics.

Mixture of methane and other gases that forms from some of the same organisms as oil.

Why does natural gas rise above forming a pocket of gas in rock:

Natural gas can be compressed into a liquid and stored in tanks as fuel for trucks and buses.

Pipelines transport natural gas from its source to the places where it is used.

Benefits of natural gas incude:

Natural gas

Since fossil fuels take 100's of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.

Earth's known oil reserves took 500 million years to form

90% of the world's oil supply is located in the USA.

Which energy sources generates the most electicity in the US?

Burning natural gas produces large amounts of energy and releases lower levels of many air pollutant than coal or oil but it is highly flammable.

Fossil fuels

A fuel is a substance that provides ________________.

________________ is a solid fossil fuel that forms from plant remains.

Petroleum is another name for the fossil fuel ________________.

A factory in which crude oil is heated and separated into fuels and other products is called a ____________.

Chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are called petrochemicals.

The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil and petroleum.

Natural gas forms from some of the same organisms as oil.

Oil is the most plentiful fossil fuel in the United States.

Because fossil fuels are formed over hundreds of millions of years, they are considered renewable resources.

Renewable sources of energy include:

Other types of energy options include nuclear power and hydrogen.

True of solar energy

Reasons why solar energy has not replaced energy from fossil fuels are:

Not true of solar power plants

True of solar cells

Solar system converts sunlight into heat, or thermal energy. The heat is then distributed without using pump or fans.

Sunlight passes through the windows in a house (and car) is absorbed by the walls and floors and converted to heat. At night, shades covering the windows prevent the heat from flowing back outside .

Solar system captures the sun's energy, and then uses pumps and fans to distribute the heat.

Light strikes the dark metal surface of a solar collector where it is converted to thermal energy. Water is pumped through pipes in the solar collector to absorb the thermal energy. The heated water then flows to a storage tank and the heat is pumped throughout the building.

Electricity produced by flowing water

Inside a dam, flowing water turns turbines (like a fan's blades) to generate electricity.

Wind can also be used to turn turbines and generate electicity.

In _______ power, the energy released by splitting atoms creates steam that turns turbines.

_______ fuels are made from living things such as wood, leaves, food wastes, and manure.

Biomass materials can be burned as fuels themselves or converted into other fuels such as ________.

A mix of gasoline and alcohol used for fuel.

The intense heat from Earth's interior that warms magma below Earth's surface.

Water pumped into deep wells is heated by the magma to generate electricity.

_________ power may someday be a source of clean energy but first scientist must find an inexpensive way to release ---__________ atoms from water.

Nuclear power plants generate electiricty through controlled _________ _________, the splitting of an atom's nucleus into 2 nuclei.

In a nuclear power plant, the heat released from fission reactions is used to turn water into steam which turns the blades of a turbine to generate hydroelectricity.

The part of the nuclear reactor in which fission occurs.

When rods of uranium called ________ ________ are placed close together, fission reactions occur.

If a nuclear reactor gets too hot, ________ _________, made of the metal cadmium, are inserted between the fuel rods to absorb particles released during fission and slow the reactions.

In nuclear power plants, water or another fluid pumped through the reactor is heated by the reactions. It passes through a heat exchanger, where the heat boils water to generate electricity.

2 main drawbacks of nuclear energy:

Some sources of energy are called alternative sources. To what sources of energy are they an alternative?

Name alternatives sources of energy:

Wind energy can be used to turn turbines and generate electricity.

Water flowing through tunnels inside a dam turns turbines that generate electricity.

A fuel made from a mix of alcohol and gasoline.

Energy from the sun:

The splitting of an atom's nucleus into 2 nuclei:

The electricity produced by flowing water.

The part of a nuclear reactor in which nuclear fission occurs.

The uranium rods inside a nuclear reactor that produce fission.

A group of fuels made from living things.

Intense heat from Earth's interior that warms magma:

The cadmium rods inside a nuclear reactor that slow the reactions.

Sunlight, water, wind, nuclear power, biomass fuels, geothermal energy, and hydrogen are all nonrenewable energy sources.

The fastest-growing energy source in the world is wind energy.

In order to harness geothermal energy, cool water is pumped down into deep wells.

Inside a nuclear power plant, nuclear fission takes place within the heat exchanger.

The radioactive wastes produced by nuclear fission remain dangerous for dozens of years.

Energy from the sun is called ________.

______________ is electricity produced by flowing water.

_____________ can also be converted into other fuels, such as gasohol, which is formed by adding alcohol to gasoline.

The intense heat from Earth's interior that warms the magma is called ___________.

_____________ is the splitting of an atom's nucleus into 2 nuclei.

For most of human history, people burned ______ for light, heat and energy. Only recently have fossil fuels become the main energy source.

For ______ years, wood, wind and water were the main sources of energy in the American colonies that became the USA.

True of wind energy

Mills used flowing water to turn wheels and grind grain into flour.

Coal gained popularity with westward expansion of the railroads in the US in what century?

Coal remained the dominant fuel in the US until 1951, when it was replaced by ___________ and _________.

As fossil fuel supplies decrease, interest in __________ energy sources has increased

One way to preserve our current energy resources is to increase the efficiency of our energy use. Another way is to _____________ _______________.

One way to make energy resources last longer is to use fuels more efficiently.

The percentage of energy that is actually used to perform work. The rest of the energy is "lost" to the surroundings usually as heat.

A layer of material that traps air, is used to increase the efficiently of heating and cooling systems.

Compact fluorescent light bulbs provide the same amount of light as incandescent bulbs but use about 1/4 as much energy.

Energy can be saved by reducing the number of motor vehicles on the road and the number of miles people drive, and by designing better engines and tires.

Reducing energy use.

Until the 19th century, there were 3 main sources of energy in the United States except?

In the last 200 years, what fuels have people used most?

Why are scientists looking for new fuels to replace fossil fuels?

What is energy efficiency, and why it is increasing it important?

How can insulation in a building save energy?

_____________ is the percentage of energy used to perform work.

A layer of material that traps air is _________.

Only recently have ____________ become the main energy source in the U.S.

In the nineteenth century, with the westward expansion of railroad, _____________ gained in popularity as a fuel.

One way to preserve our current energy resources is to increase the __________ of our energy use .

Another way to preserve those resources is to _____________ energy whenever possible.

For most of human history, people burned wood for light, heat and energy.

In addition people harnessed the power of renewable resources such as wind and water.

In the mid-20th century, wood and water joined coal as the dominant fuels.

As fossil fuel supplies decrease, interest has increased in looking for nonrenewable energy sources.

Insulation is the percentage of energy that is actually used to perform work.

Energy conservation means reducing energy use.

Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?

The interior of a car heats up on a sunny day because of:

Which explains why systems that transform energy are not completely efficient?

How does a nuclear power plant produce energy?