Nonvascular plants are characterized by what

Vascular plants are characterized by

Vascular plants are divided into

Seed vascular plants are divided into

Plants that lack tissues for transporting materials are known as what kind of plants?

Nonvascular plants

In nonvascular plants, materials don't travel far or quickly, which is why they live in damp, shady places.

The thin cell wall in nonvascular plants causes them to only be capable of growing how tall?

With more than how many species, mosses are the most diverse group of nonvascular plants

What are the root-like structures of mosses called

Mosses grow a long, slender what with a what at the end

The capsules of moss contain what for reproduction

There are more than how many species of liverworts

Liverworts are named after

Liverworts are found growing as a thick crust on

There are fewer than how many species of hornworts

If you look closely, you'll see what kind of strutures growing out of hornworts

Hornworts grow in what kind of substrait and are mixed with what type of plants

Seedless vascular plants are characterized by

Vascular plants are characterized by

There are more than how many species of ferns

Ferns can be small, but can also reach up to how many meters tall

Like other vascular plants, ferns have _________, ___________ and _______________.

The _______ of most ferns are __________.

Leaves grow upward from the top side of the stems, while roots grow downward from the bottom of the stems.

________ and _______ enter the root's vascular tissue and travel though the tissue into the stems and leaves.

The fern's leaves, or ___________, are divided into many smaller parts that look like small leaves.

The upper surface of each frond is coated with a _______ that helps the plant retain water.

In many ferns, the developing leaves are ________ at first.

Because they resemble the top of a violin, the young leaves of a fern are often called ____________.

Fiddleheads uncurl as the fern matures.

Club mosses and horsetails are seedless vascular plants.

Like ferns, club mosses and horsetails have _______ _________, ___________ and _____________.

However, there are relatively _______ species of club mosses and horsetails alive today.

Club mosses usually grow in _________ ____________ and ___________ _______________.

There are about ____ species of horsetails on Earth today.

The whorled pattern of growth somewhat resembles a horse's tail in ferns.

The stems of horsetails contain ___________ a gritty substance also found in sand.

Another common name for horsetails is hair brushes.

Seed plants outnumber seedless plants by more than 2 to 1.

Seed plants are used in ______________ (rice, peas and squash).

Seed plants are used to make clothing (cotton, flax).

_________ are built from seed plants (oaks, pines, or maple trees).

In addition, seed plants produce much of the ____________ we breathe.

Seed plants share 2 important characteristics which include:

In addition, the bodies of all seed plants have roots, stems and leaves.

Most seed plants life on ________.

Seed plants can live in a variety of environments. Seed plants do ________ need water for sperm to swim to the egg so instead they produce ________.

___________ are tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become _______ cells.

Pollen delivers sperm cells directly near the eggs.

After sperm fertilize the egg, ________ develop.

A seed is a structure that contains a ______ ________ inside a protective covering.

Seeds protect the young plant from drowning out.

A __________ is a seed plant that produces naked seeds.

The seeds of gymnosperms are referred to as _________ because they are not enclosed by a protective _________.

Many gymnosperms have ___________ or _____________ leaves and deep-growing ____________ systems.

Gymnosperms are the _______ types of seed plants.

According to the fossil record, gymnosperms appeared on Earth about ________ million years ago.

There are ____ types of gymnosperms that exist today.

Grown mainly in tropical and subtropical areas and look like palm trees with cones that can grow as large as a football.

Cone-bearing plants that are the largest and most diverse group of modern gymnosperms.

Most conifers are __________, meaning they keep their leaves or needles year round.

Today only one species exists and they are planted along city streets because they can tolerate air polllution.

Live in hot deserts and in tropical rainforests. Some are trees, shrubs or vines.

Angiosperms are flowering plants that share 2 characteristics:

Angiosperms live almost everywhere on Earth and they grow in

A few angiosperms, such as _____________ trees, live at the ocean's edge.

Angiosperms are divided into 2 groups:

Cot is short for ________ which is a seed leaf that provides food for the embryo.

Mono means one and di means two.

Monocots are angiosperms that have only one _______ ________.

Corn, wheat, rice, lilies and tulips are examples of

Dicots produce seeds with 2 seed leaves.

Roses, violets, dandelions, oak and maple trees, beans and apples are examples of: