Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsKeystone Practice
Total questions: 181
Worksheet time: 3hrs 44mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which statement describes one difference between mitosis and meiosis in animal cells?
a)
Mitosis produces sex cells, and meiosis produces diploid cells.
b)
Mitosis produces haploid cells, and meiosis produces somatic cells.
c)
Mitosis produces four daughter cells, and meiosis produces two diploid cells.
d)
Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells.
2.
Which statement best describes the process by which the millions of body cells that form a housefly can all contain the same genetic information?
a)
Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.
b)
Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into two new cells.
c)
Original DNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.
d)
Original RNA is duplicated during replication and then distributed into four new cells.
3.
The presence of a specific trait is genetically inherited. There are only two possible outcomes for this trait: an individual either inherits the trait or does not inherit the trait. Which statement best describes how parents influence this trait?
a)
Each parent contributes two genes for this trait.
b)
Each parent contributes one allele for this trait
c)
Each parent contributes two chromosomes for this trait.
d)
Each parent contributes one nitrogenous base for this trait.
4.
A section of DNA in a cell is altered. Which mutation is being illustrated in the DNA section above?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
duplication
d)
nondisjunction
5.
Which statement is true for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
a)
Both types of organisms transform energy from sunlight into chemical energy
b)
Both types of organisms assemble proteins through transcription and translation.
c)
Both types of organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs that work together.
d)
Both types of organisms have DNA contained within a nucleus as genetic material.
6.
A mutation occurred that caused a change in an mRNA sequence. The mRNA codon UAC was replaced by the codon UAA. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of the mutation?
a)
It will produce the same protein using a different set of codons.
b)
It will result in an incomplete protein that does not function properly.
c)
It will cause mRNA to attach a new amino acid chain during transcription.
d)
It will change the bonding pattern between the amino acids joining together.
7.
The graph represents the number of light brown and dark brown organisms living on the bottom of a clear, sandy lake 20 years ago. Over time, the lake bottom has become covered with dark sand and sediment. Which change has most likely occurred in the population?
a)
The number of light-brown individuals increased.
b)
The number of dark-brown individuals increased.
c)
The number of light-brown and dark-brown individuals increased.
d)
The number of light-brown and dark-brown individuals became equal.
8.
The Isthmus of Panama is a narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. It forms a land bridge that links North and South America. The formation of this isthmus separated two bodies of water that had previously been connected. How did the formation of this land bridge most likely influence the development of distinct marine species on either side of the land bridge?
a)
by decreasing genetic drift
b)
by causing a founder effect
c)
by increasing the rate of genetic mutation
d)
by preventing related populations from interacting
9.
Which statement describes how a mutation would most likely affect a population?
a)
Genotypic variation will increase in the population.
b)
Genotypic variation will decrease in the population.
c)
The occurrence of a preexisting gene will increase in the population.
d)
The occurrence of a preexisting gene will decrease in the population.
10.
Strep throat is a common human illness often caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Which term best classifies the colonies of Streptococcus pyogenes in a person with strep throat?
a)
a population
b)
an organelle
c)
a community
d)
an ecosystem
11.
Which statement best describes a contribution that decomposers make to an ecosystem?
a)
They reduce the atomic mass of carbon atoms
b)
They increase the recycling of carbon-containing molecules.
c)
They reduce the total number of carbon atoms in the atmosphere.
d)
They increase the total number of carbon nuclei within the atoms.
12.
What must be transmitted to new DNA strands during replication to maintain genetic information?
a)
individual atoms from existing DNA strands
b)
individual sugars from existing DNA strands
c)
the sequence of bases from existing DNA strands
d)
the sequence of phosphates from existing DNA strands
13.
The genetic material of two different individuals of the same species is analyzed. One individual has brown eyes. The other has blue eyes. Which characteristic for eye color would be the same for both individuals?
a)
the allele
b)
the DNA sequence
c)
the amount of pigment
d)
the location of the gene
14.
Which effect is most likely caused by nondisjunction during meiosis?
a)
an increase in nuclei
b)
an extra chromosome
c)
only two types of nitrogenous bases
d)
increased survival benefits from traits
15.
A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?
a)
silent
b)
nonsense
c)
frame-shift
d)
substitution
16.
New technologies enable oils to be extracted from plants to make renewable biodiesel fuel. Scientists have altered the genome of a specific plant species to increase the amount of oil produced by each plant. Which statement explains why this technology most likely benefits farmers?
a)
It makes each plant more resistant to disease.
b)
It lowers the cost of each acre of plants cultivated.
c)
It increases the value of each acre of land cultivated.
d)
It eliminates the processing needed to extract plant oils.
17.
A population of squirrels was separated during the formation of the Grand Canyon. Over time the squirrels, separated by the canyon walls and the Colorado River, became unique species. Which mechanism most likely caused the development of the new species?
a)
habitat preference
b)
increased gene flow
c)
geographic isolation
d)
behavioral isolation
18.
A researcher observes two species of frogs in the same area. Both species have a similar diet. One species breeds in fast-moving streams, while the other species breeds in ponds. Both species are similar in appearance and have very similar DNA. Which information provides the best evidence that these two species descended from a common ancestor?
a)
the species’ similar diets
b)
the species’ shared habitat
c)
the species’ mating behaviors
d)
the species’ physical characteristics
19.
Statement 1: All living things are composed of cells.
Statement 2: If soil contains high levels of salt, the plants will die.
Statement 3: The temperature reading on the thermometer is 21°C.
Statement 4: It must have rained this morning because the soil is wet.
A teacher lists four statements for students to interpret. Which table of information correctly distinguishes between the statements?
Statement 2: If soil contains high levels of salt, the plants will die.
Statement 3: The temperature reading on the thermometer is 21°C.
Statement 4: It must have rained this morning because the soil is wet.
A teacher lists four statements for students to interpret. Which table of information correctly distinguishes between the statements?
a)
1-theory, 2-hypothesis, 3-observation, 4-inference
b)
1-fact, 2-theory, 3-hypothesis, 4-observation
c)
1-inference, 2-observation, 3-theory, 4-fact
d)
1-observation, 2-inference, 3-fact, 4-hypothesis
20.
Which description is the best example of a population?
a)
all of the red foxes in a forest
b)
all of the red foxes in every forest
c)
all of the organisms in a forest
d)
all of the organisms in every forest
21.
Which energy transfer most likely occurs between organisms in the food web?
a)
from owl to fox
b)
from rabbit to fox
c)
from sparrow to grass
d)
from mouse to grasshopper
22.
In Pennsylvania, a nonnative plant called stiltgrass out-competes native plants in many forest ecosystems. Which statement best describes how the spread of stiltgrass negatively affects native herbivores?
a)
Stiltgrass stops the life cycles of native herbivores.
b)
Stiltgrass reduces the size of the native plant populations.
c)
Stiltgrass increases the flow of energy through the ecosystem.
d)
Stiltgrass increases the flow of energy through the ecosystem.
23.
An aye-aye is a small nocturnal lemur that weighs about four pounds. This endangered species is found in Madagascar, a large island off the east coast of southern Africa. The map indicates four locations of aye-aye populations. Which location would most likely have an aye-aye population with the greatest variation in allele frequencies?
a)
location 1
b)
location 2
c)
location 3
d)
location 4
24.
An aye-aye is a small nocturnal lemur that weighs about four pounds. This endangered species is found in Madagascar, a large island off the east coast of southern Africa. Aye-ayes spend most of their time alone. For the aye-aye species, what is most likely the primary value of individuals living alone?
a)
decreased space needs for the species
b)
increased survival rates with habitat loss
c)
reduced competition for natural resources
d)
greater genetic variability within the species
25.
In pea plants, the flowers can be purple or white. The diagram shows three generations of pea plant crosses. Using the pea flower color cross, what is the pattern of inheritance shown?
a)
Dominant/recessive
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Codominance
d)
Sex-linked
26.
Which statement best describes how selective breeding produced a population of cows with a large volume of milk production?
a)
Acquired traits for greater milk production were passed along in a single generation.
b)
Small differences in milk production accumulated over generations because of mutations.
c)
Large differences in milk production accumulated in one generation, and undesired traits disappeared.
d)
Small differences in milk production accumulated over many generations until the desired trait was widespread.
27.
A small group of individuals from one population migrate to a new area that quickly becomes geographically isolated. How will the next generation of the new population most likely compare to the original population?
a)
It will have less genetic variation than the original population.
b)
It will be a different species from that of the original population.
c)
It will have the same allele frequencies as the original population.
d)
It will be better able to survive change than the original population.
28.
Which statement supports the idea that all life on Earth is the result of evolution from a common ancestor?
a)
All organisms are formed through meiosis.
b)
All organisms contain the same genetic code.
c)
All organisms are influenced by crossing over.
d)
All organisms share common embryological features.
29.
A population of wading birds lives by a lake and feeds on fish near its shore. In one bird, a mutation occurs in a gene that codes for beak size. In which situation would this mutation most likely spread in the population over time?
a)
The mutation results in a narrower beak, so the bird eats smaller fish.
b)
The mutation results in a heavier beak, so the bird uses more energy to fly.
c)
The mutation results in a longer beak, so the bird can feed in deeper water.
d)
The mutation results in a shorter beak, so the bird must feed in shallower water.
30.
How does the Golgi apparatus affect protein production?
a)
It joins amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
b)
It attaches amino acids to the correct tRNA molecules.
c)
It modifies and sorts proteins so they arrive where they are needed.
d)
It encloses proteins in vesicles to send to the endoplasmic reticulum.
31.
Which statement describes transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?
a)
The process occurs in the cytoplasm.
b)
Transfer RNA molecules attach to a DNA strand.
c)
Messenger RNA molecules move out of the nucleus.
d)
The same genetic triplets code for the same amino acids.
32.
Which two processes result in diploid daughter cells?
1. Mitosis
2. Mutation
3. Meiosis I
4. Meiosis II
1. Mitosis
2. Mutation
3. Meiosis I
4. Meiosis II
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 3
c)
2 and 4
d)
3 and 4
33.
A biologist studies oak, birch, and sugar maple trees, as well as vines and mosses. Which phrase best describes these factors?
a)
abiotic factors of a tundra
b)
biotic factors of a marine biome
c)
abiotic factors of a tropical rainforest
d)
biotic factors of a temperate deciduous forest
34.
Which group of organisms could be added as the next link in this food chain?
a)
decomposers
b)
tertiary consumers
c)
primary consumers
d)
secondary consumers
35.
The diagram shows the sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes from a person who is heterozygous for two traits, hair color and eye color, just as a prophase I is about to occur. Which chromosome show demonstrates the result of crossing over?
a)
e E
b)
e e
c)
e h
d)
e H
36.
Which cells form as a result of the second division of meiosis?
a)
two diploid cells
b)
two haploid cells
c)
four diploid cells
d)
four haploid cells
37.
The scientific study of life
a)
Biology
b)
Cell
c)
Chromosome
d)
Endosynbiosis
38.
The basic unit of structure and function for all living things
a)
Chromosome
b)
Cell
c)
Organelle
d)
Prokaryote
39.
A single piece of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of a cell
a)
Smooth ER
b)
Organelle
c)
Organ
d)
Chromosome
40.
An organelle responsible for the production, processing, and transportation of materials inside and outside the cell
a)
Nucleus
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Plastid
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
41.
A theory in which early eukaryotic cells were formed by engulfing simpler prokaryotes
a)
Plastid
b)
Ribosome
c)
Endosymbiosis
d)
Eukaryote
42.
An organism that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Plastid
d)
Endosymbiosis
43.
An organelle responsible for the final stages of processing before being exported
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Golgi Body
44.
Maintaining stable internal conditions
a)
Endosymbiosis
b)
Homeostasis
c)
Hypothesis
d)
Principle
45.
A proposed testable explanation for an observation
a)
Theory
b)
Principle
c)
Law
d)
Hypothesis
46.
An organelle responsible for cellular respiration or energy production
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
47.
An organelle that holds all the DNA and controls the cells activities
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Nucleus
c)
Chromosome
d)
Ribosome
48.
A subunit in a cell that has a specialized function
a)
Cell
b)
Organelle
c)
Tissue
d)
Organ
49.
An organelle made of phospholipids responsible for regulating what goes into and out of the cell
a)
cell wall
b)
nucleus
c)
plasma membrane
d)
plastid
50.
A group of organelles responsible for the synthesis and storage of food in photosynthetic organisms
a)
ribosome
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
plastid
51.
An organism with no nucleus
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
Endosymbiosis
d)
Organism
52.
Responsible for making proteins
a)
Golgi Body
b)
Ribososme
c)
Nucleus
d)
Vacuole
53.
A certain type of epithelial tissue consists of layers of cells tightly bound together. This tissue lacks blood vessels and has a high rate of cell replacement. Which statement describes the most likely function of this tissue in the human body?
a)
It allows for movement of limbs
b)
It provides cushioning to internal organs.
c)
It provides physical protection against injury.
d)
It transports various nutrients throughout the body
54.
The plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell has many transmembrane proteins that cross the lipid bilayer. Which statement best describes the function of these proteins in the plasma membrane?
a)
They create a rigid barrier for the cell.
b)
They make the membrane impermeable to water.
c)
They transport undigested material to the outside of the cell.
d)
They provide channels of movement for some ions and molecules.
55.
Which list of events occurs during the interphase stage of the cell cycle?
a)
chromosomes align at the center of the cell, spindle fibers shorten, and chromatids begin moving to cell poles
b)
chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, new membranes form around daughter nuclei, and chromosomes disperse
c)
DNA replicates, centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced
d)
cytoplasm divides and a contractile ring separates cell into two daughter cells
56.
A bacterial cell is a prokaryote, while the protist euglena is a eukaryote. Which structure is present in both organisms?
a)
a nucleus that controls the actions of the cell
b)
a mitochondria that provides the cell with energy
c)
a cell wall that maintains a rigid structure for the cell
d)
a cell membrane that holds in the contents of the cell
57.
Proteins are very important in the structure and function of living things and are synthesized within the cell. Which cell structure is responsible for reading the DNA instructions in the cytoplasm and assembling the proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Golgi Body
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
58.
Fish, frogs, and plankton are some organisms found in a pond. Which characteristic do fish, frogs, and plankton have in common?
a)
They live only in water.
b)
They make their own food.
c)
They require energy to live.
d)
They breathe air through their gills.
59.
A certain type of epithelial tissue consists of layers of cells tightly bound together. This tissue lacks blood vessels and has a high rate of cell replacement. Which statement describes the most likely function of this tissue in the human body?
a)
It allows for movement of limbs.
b)
It provides cushioning to internal organs.
c)
It provides physical protection against injury.
d)
It transports various nutrients throughout the body.
60.
Which of the following best describes one function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
a)
storage of wastes
b)
capture of solar energy
c)
regulation of water transport
d)
release of energy from carbohydrates
61.
Digestive activity in the stomach occurs at an acidic pH of 2. Which statement best explains the role that pH has in digestion?
a)
The acidic pH presents the substrate to the digestive juices.
b)
The acidic pH facilitates the absorption of food within the stomach.
c)
The acidic pH protects the stomach lining from the digestive juices
d)
The acidic pH alters the active sites of the enzymes in the stomach.
62.
Most anabolic reactions, such as fat and polysaccharide synthesis, require energy to build macromolecules. Which source provides the usable form of energy to the cell for these reactions?
a)
ATP
b)
DNA
c)
glucose
d)
sunlight
63.
1.Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a)
Ability to store hereditary information
b)
Use of membrane bound organelles to control cellular processes
c)
The use of mitochondria to perform cellular respiration
d)
The use of chloroplasts to harvest light energy
64.
Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a)
A.Cell wall and nucleus
b)
Cell wall and chloroplast
c)
A.Plasma membrane and nucleus
d)
A.Plasma membrane and cytoplasm
65.
4.Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement best describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly?
a)
A.They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.
b)
A.They increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation.
c)
A.They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.
d)
A.They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange.
66.
5.Which statement best describes an effect of the low density of frozen water in a lake?
a)
A.When water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake.
b)
A.Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms.
c)
A.When water in a lake freezes, it floats, providing insulation for organisms below.
d)
A.Water removes thermal energy from the land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze.
67.
6.Which statement does not correctly describe how carbon’s ability to from four bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules?
a)
A.It forms short, simple carbon chains.
b)
A.It forms large, complex, diverse molecules.
c)
A.It forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
d)
A.It only forms covalent bonds that can exist in a single plane.
68.
The diagram below shows a reaction that forms a polymer from two monomers. What is this type of reaction called? HO – 1 – 2 – 3 – H + HO – 4 - H ----> HO – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – H + H2O
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
A.Dehydration synthesis
69.
Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules, which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?
a)
Large amount of stored information
b)
Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
c)
Efficient storage of usable chemical energy
d)
Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic.
70.
Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction?
a)
It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium.
b)
It provides energy to carry out the reaction
c)
It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium D.) It speeds u
d)
It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.
71.
A scientist observes that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed, the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
a)
A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape.
b)
A pH change can remove the energy necessary to activate an enzyme.
c)
A pH change can add new molecules to the structure of the enzyme.
d)
A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.
72.
Using a microscope, a student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle?
a)
ATP to light
b)
light to chemical
c)
heat to electrical
d)
chemical to chemical
73.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a)
Both occur in animal and plant cells.
b)
Both include reactions that transform energy.
c)
Both convert light energy into chemical energy.
d)
Both synthesize organic molecules as end products.—
74.
A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the protein as an energy source?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
Catalase
d)
Amylase
75.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are molecules that can move freely across a plasma membrane. What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move?
a)
Orientation of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
b)
Concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.
c)
Configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane.
d)
Location of receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane.
76.
A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?
a)
Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis.
b)
Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion. Due to the fact that they are highly charged molecules (and “hate” the nonpolar cell membrane and can’t pass through it) and are trying to move against a concentration gradient (from low à high), sodium and potassium ions require a protein and energy to move across the cell membrane. Glucose is a large enough molecule (and polar), so it needs the ‘help’ of a protein to move it along (facilitated diffusion)
c)
Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis.
d)
Sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport.
77.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?
a)
It assembles nucleic acids from monomers.
b)
It breaks down old damaged macromolecules.
c)
It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.
d)
It determines which protein molecules to synthesize.
78.
Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses to maintain homeostasis within its body?
a)
Using camouflage to avoid predators.
b)
Feeding at night to regulate body temperature.
c)
Moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes
d)
Exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels.
79.
Which statement best describes the phase of the cell cycle shown?
a)
A.The cell is in prophase of mitosis because the number of chromosomes has doubled.
b)
B.The cell is in prophase I of meiosis because the number if chromosomes has doubled.
c)
B.The cell is in telophase of mitosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome.
d)
The cell is in telophase of meiosis because the cell is separating and contains two copies of each chromosome.
80.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
a)
A.Meiosis is a multi-step process. Both processes have multiple steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, but meiosis has two sets of these stages with slight differences than the mitosis versions)
b)
B.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
c)
C.Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism. Mitosis is the process used to repair an organism by creating more of the same type of cell (for example, to heal a cut on the leg)
d)
Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis produces genetically different cells as a result of crossing over and chromosome shuffling
81.
Which process helps to preserve the genetic information stored in DNA during DNA replication?
a)
The replacement of nitrogen base thymine with uracil.
b)
Enzymes quickly linking nitrogen bases with hydrogen bonds.
c)
The synthesis of unique sugar and phosphate molecules for each nucleotide.
d)
Nucleotides lining up along the template strand according to base pairing rules.
82.
In a flowering plant species, red flower color is dominant over white flower color. What is the genotype of any red-flowering plant resulting from this species?
a)
A.Red and white alleles present on one chromosome.
b)
A.Red and white alleles present on two chromosomes.
c)
A.A red allele present on both homologous chromosomes
d)
A.A red allele present on at least one of two homologous chromosomes.
83.
Which statement describes a cell process that is common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a)
A.Both cell types carry out transcription in the nucleus
b)
A.Both cell types use ribosomes to carry out translation
c)
A.Both cell types carry out replication in the nucleus
d)
A.Both cell types carry out translation in the endoplasmic reticulum
84.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell, and it is often classified as rough or smooth, depending on whether there are ribosomes on its surface. Which statement best describes the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
a)
A.It stores all proteins for later use.
b)
A.It provides an attachment site for larger organelles.
c)
A.It aids in the production of membrane and secretory proteins.
d)
A.It stores amino acids required for the production of all proteins.
85.
A genetic mutation in a change in the sequence of amino acids of a protein, but the function of the protein was not changed. Which statement best describes the genetic mutation?
a)
A.It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.
b)
A.It was a silent mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.
c)
A.It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the DNA of the organism.
d)
A.It was a nonsense mutation that caused a change in the phenotype of the organism.
86.
Genetic engineering has led to genetically modified plants that resist insect and bacterial and fungal infections. Which outcome would most likely be a reason why some scientists recommend caution in planting genetically modified plants?
a)
A.Unplanned ecosystem interactions
b)
A.Reduced pesticide and herbicide use
c)
A.Improved agricultural yield and profit
d)
A.Increased genetic variation and diversity
87.
In North America, the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter, and the western spotted skunk mates in late summer. Even though their geographic ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each other. What most likely prevents these two species from interbreeding?
a)
A.Habitat isolation
b)
A.Gametic isolation
c)
A.Geographic isolation
d)
A.Reproductive isolation
88.
A mutation occurs in the genes that code for coat color in deer. Which changes will most likely result from this mutation?
a)
A.A change in the selection pressures acting on coat color
b)
A.A change in the coat-color genes of deer predator species
c)
A.An increase in coat-color diversity in the population
d)
A.An increase in the number of genes for coat color in the population
89.
The skeleton of mammalian forelimbs represent variations of a structure that was present in their common ancestor. What has most likely caused the variation in forelimbs?
a)
A.Changes in muscle structure
b)
A.Changes in genetic codes
c)
A.Trait formation due to behaviors
d)
A.Development of vestigial structures
90.
Use the list below to answer the question.
A student wrote several observations in a field notebook. Which term best classifies all of the student’s observations? Observations: Two grey wolves, Five moose, Several species of conifer trees, Large granite rock, Shallow pond
A student wrote several observations in a field notebook. Which term best classifies all of the student’s observations? Observations: Two grey wolves, Five moose, Several species of conifer trees, Large granite rock, Shallow pond
a)
Population
b)
Food chain
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
91.
Use the list below to answer the question.
A student wrote several observations in a field notebook. Which term best classifies all of the student’s observations? Observations: Two grey wolves, Five moose, Several species of conifer trees, Large granite rock, Shallow pond
A student wrote several observations in a field notebook. Which term best classifies all of the student’s observations? Observations: Two grey wolves, Five moose, Several species of conifer trees, Large granite rock, Shallow pond
a)
Population
b)
Food chain
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Community
92.
A researcher observing an ecosystem describes the amount of sunlight, precipitation, and type of soil present. Which factor is the researcher most likely describing?
a)
A.Biotic factors in a forest
b)
A.Biotic factors in a tundra
c)
A.Abiotic factors in a prairie
d)
A.Abiotic factors in an ocean
93.
A species of snapping turtles has a tongue that resembles a worm. The tongue is used to attract small fish. Which best describes the interaction between the fish and the snapping turtle?
a)
Predation
b)
Symbiosis
c)
Parasitism
d)
Competition
94.
Which statement correctly describes how nitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere?
a)
A.Soil bacteria convert into nitrogen gas
b)
A.Decomposers directly convert ammonium into nitrogen gas
c)
A.Plants assimilate nitrites and convert them into nitrogen gas
d)
A.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
95.
Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes and streams. This runoff can cause algae populations to increase. Which effect does this change in the algae population sizes most likely have on affected lakes and streams?
a)
A.An increase in water level
b)
A.An increase in water clarity
c)
A.A reduction in dissolved oxygen needed by fish and shellfish
d)
A.A reduction in temperature variations near the water’s surface
96.
A farmer observed that an increase in a field’s soil nitrogen content was followed by an increase in producer productivity. What does this observation most likely indicate about the relationship between nitrogen and the producers in the field?
a)
A.Nitrogen was a biotic factor
b)
A.Nitrogen was a limiting factor
c)
A.Nitrogen became a surplus resource
d)
A.Nitrogen became a selection pressure
97.
Releases oxygen
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
both
98.
releases carbon dioxide
a)
phtosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
c)
both
99.
uses carbon dioxide
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
100.
creates ATP
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
101.
produces sugar
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
102.
uses sugar
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
both
103.
Releases oxygen
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
both
104.
releases carbon dioxide
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
both
105.
uses carbon dioxide
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
both
106.
creates energy in the form of ATP
a)
Plants
b)
Animals
c)
Both
107.
Produces sugar
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
both
108.
uses sugar
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
both
109.
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two major processes of carbon cycling in living organisms. Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a)
both occur in animal and plant cells
b)
both include reactions that transform energy
c)
both convert light energy into chemical energy
d)
both synthesisze organic molecules as end products
110.
What process provides a vital connection between the Sun and the energy needs of living systems?
a)
decomosition
b)
cellular respiration
c)
transpitation
d)
photosynthesis
111.
During this cycle, the products fro on process serve as the starting materials for the other. Which of the following materials correspond(s) to box number 3?
a)
sunlight
b)
carbon dioxide and water
c)
ATP (energy) and heat
d)
oxygen and glucose
112.
A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the protein as an energy source?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
catalase
d)
amylase
113.
A monosaccharide would be classified as a
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
114.
What type of molecule is the cell membrane?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
115.
The plasma membrane refers to
a)
the cell membrane
b)
the nuclear membrane
c)
the cell wall
116.
An example of a prokaryote is
a)
a plant cell
b)
a sperm cell
c)
a brain cell
d)
a bacterial cell
117.
Does the picture show mitosis or meiosis?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
118.
What type of cell is created after telophase II?
a)
Skin and muscle cells
b)
Sperm and egg cells
119.
Are the cells in Telophase II identical or different from the parent cell in Prophase 1?
a)
Identical
b)
Different
120.
How does the number of chromosomes of the cells in Telophase II compare to the number of chromosomes of the parent cell in Prophase 1?
a)
The cells in Telophase II have half of the chromosomes as the cell in Prophase 1
b)
The cells in Telophase II have the same number chromosomes as the cell in Prophase 1
121.
The term "lipid bilayer" refers to
a)
proteins
b)
the plasma/cell membrane
c)
the golgi body/apparatus
122.
Sugar is a
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
123.
Sugar is broken down in the presence of oxygen during what reaction?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
124.
What gas is needed to create carbohydrates (sugars) in photosynthesis?
a)
Oxygen
b)
Ozone
c)
Carbon Dioxide
125.
What type of energy is stored in the bonds of food?
a)
electromagnetic (light) energy
b)
chemical energy
c)
nuclear energy
d)
mechanical energy
126.
What type of energy is required to start photosynthesis?
a)
electromagnetic (light) energy
b)
chemical energy
c)
nuclear energy
d)
mechanical energy
127.
What happens during nondisjunction?
a)
DNA is not copied.
b)
The cell doesn't divide.
c)
The chromosomes don't separate properly.
d)
An organism reproduces asexually.
128.
What type of cells are affected by nondisjunction?
a)
Skin and Blood Cells.
b)
Sperm and Egg Cells.
129.
What type of disorder could result from nondisjunction?
a)
Sickle Cell Anemia
b)
Cancer
c)
Huntington's Disease
d)
Down Syndrome
130.
When ATP is required to move molecules across the cell membrane it is called active transport. How are the molecules moving?
a)
High to low concentration, against the concentration gradient
b)
Low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient
c)
High to low concentration, along the concentration gradient
d)
Low to high concentration, along the concentration gradient
131.
The purple oval the molecules are moving through is a
a)
nucleic acid
b)
lipid
c)
carbohydrate
d)
protein
132.
DNA and RNA are
a)
proteins
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleic acids
d)
lipids
133.
Lipids function as
a)
enzymes and muscles
b)
insulation and long term energy storage
c)
quick energy sources
d)
genetic information storage
134.
Enzymes....
a)
increase the energy needed for reactions to occur
b)
decrease the energy needed for reactions to occur
135.
Enzymes....
a)
speed up chemical reactions
b)
slow down chemical reactions
136.
The active site of an enzyme
a)
is not important in enzyme function
b)
must fit perfectly with the substrate
137.
Why won't a reaction occur here?
a)
The enzyme was overheated and the shape of the active site changed.
b)
The enzyme became too small and no longer fir with the substrate.
c)
The enzyme disappeared and the substrate had nothing to bind with.
138.
Cellulose (in plant cell walls), starch, and glycogen are all made of
a)
simple sugars (also known as monosaccharides like glucose) linked together
b)
amino acids linked together
c)
nucleic acids linked together
d)
fatty acids linked together
139.
Carbohydrates
a)
store genetic information
b)
function as enzymes
c)
are a quick energy source
140.
Any reference to a peptide would be about
a)
nucleic acids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
141.
The type of compound that contains carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms
a)
carbon
b)
organic
c)
molecule
d)
macromolecule
142.
Which one is NOT a type of organic compound?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
nucleic acid
d)
water
143.
What is the name of the sugar that is composed of many molecules of sugar?
a)
monosaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
polysaccharide
d)
monomers
144.
The type of polysaccharide which serves as a strengthening tissue in the cell wall of plants.
a)
cellulose
b)
glucose
c)
sucrose
d)
fructose
145.
What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
amino acids
d)
polymers
146.
Which is not a use or function of protein?
a)
forms enzymes and hormones
b)
forms transport channel in cell membrane
c)
forms structural proteins in the body
d)
quick energy
147.
Which are the two building blocks of lipids.
a)
polysaccharides and amino acids
b)
glycerol and fatty acids
c)
glucose and fructose
d)
peptide chains
148.
Which is the monomer (building block) for nucleic acids?
a)
amino acid
b)
fatty acid & glycerol
c)
nucleotide
d)
monosaccharide
149.
Which is the monomer (building block) for carbohydrates?
a)
nucleotide
b)
monosaccharide
c)
amino acid
d)
fatty acids & glycerol
150.
Which is the monomer (building block) for lipids?
a)
fatty acids & glycerol
b)
nucleotide
c)
amino acids
d)
monosaccharide
151.
Which is an example of a lipid?
a)
oil
b)
sugar
c)
DNA
d)
red meat
152.
Which is an example of a nucleic acid?
a)
oil
b)
sugar
c)
DNA
d)
red meat
153.
What is the ratio of the elements found in carbohydrates?
a)
1:2:1
b)
2:1
c)
1:2
d)
1:4
154.
Carbohydrates are made of...
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
155.
What is the difference between saturated & unsaturated fats?
a)
Saturated fats have at least 1 C=C bond.
b)
Unsaturated fats have at least 1 C=C bond.
156.
How many different amino acids are there?
a)
4
b)
20
c)
6
d)
46
157.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
158.
What is the function of lipids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
159.
What compound makes up most of the cell membrane?
a)
phospholipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
cholesterol
160.
What kind of reaction links monomers together to form polymers?
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
hydrolysis
161.
What kind of reactions break down polymers into individual monomers?
a)
hydrolysis
b)
dehydration synthesis
162.
Glucose is a _____.
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
163.
DNA is a ______.
a)
protein
b)
carbohydrate
c)
nucleic acid
d)
lipid
164.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
165.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
166.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
167.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
168.
Sugars usually end in....
a)
-ose
b)
-ace
c)
-ats
d)
-ids
169.
Examples of lipids are?
a)
DNA and RNA
b)
amino acids
c)
Fats, oils, waxes, and hormones
d)
vitamins A, B, C, and D
170.
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
a)
polypeptide
b)
polymer
c)
fatty acids
d)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
171.
The rate that grass grows is related to the amount of light it receives
a)
Hypothesis
b)
Theory
172.
All life is related and descended from a common ancestor.
a)
Theory
b)
Hypothesis
173.
The universe began about 15 billion years ago
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
174.
New tennis balls bounce higher than old tennis balls.
a)
theory
b)
hypothesis
175.
Caffeine raises blood pressure.
a)
hypothesis
b)
theory
176.
What characteristics is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a)
ability to store hereditary information
b)
use of organelles to control cell processes
c)
use of cellular respiration for energy release
d)
ability to move in response to environmental stimuli
177.
Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a)
cell wall and nucleus
b)
cell wall and chloroplast
c)
plasma membrane and nucleus
d)
plasma membrane and cytoplasm
178.
Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement best describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly?
a)
they increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood
b)
they increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation
c)
they increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled
d)
they increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing efficient gas exchange
179.
Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses to maintain homeostasis within its body?
a)
using camouflage to avoid predators
b)
feeding at night to regulate body temperature
c)
moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic wastes
d)
exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels
180.
Which statement best describes an effect of low density of frozen water in a lake?
a)
when water freezes, it contracts, decreasing the water level in a lake
b)
water in a lake freezes from the bottom up, killing most aquatic organisms
c)
when water in a lake freezes, it floates, prividing insulation for the organisms below
d)
water removes thermal energy from the land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze
181.
Which sequence puts the terms in order from simplist to most complex?
a)
cell, organism, organ, organ system, tissue, organelle
b)
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
c)
organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
d)
organelle, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
Reset
