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Science 9 Chp. 20 Practice Test

Total questions: 140

Worksheet time: 7hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Astronomers estimate that the universe contains
a)
100 galaxies.
b)
100 million galaxies.
c)
100 billion galaxies.
d)
100 trillion galaxies.
2.
Clusters of galaxies can form larger groups called
a)
supernovas.
b)
superclusters.
c)
constellations.
d)
supergiants.
3.
The big bang theory states that the universe began with a gigantic explosion
a)
4.4 billion years ago.
b)
13 to 15 billion years ago.
c)
50 billion years ago.
d)
100 billion years ago.
4.
All stars
a)
reflect light from the sun.
b)
appear to wander off their star paths.
c)
produce their own light.
d)
All of the above
5.
All stars radiate
a)
heat energy.
b)
electromagnetic waves.
c)
light energy.
d)
All of the above
6.
Stars are held together by
a)
ionic forces.
b)
magnetic forces.
c)
electrical forces.
d)
gravitational forces.
7.
Nearly 90 percent of all stars are at what point in their life cycles?
a)
infancy
b)
youth
c)
mid-life
d)
old age
8.
Supergiant stars
a)
form from red giants.
b)
fuse hydrogen into carbon.
c)
form planetary nebulae.
d)
form supernovas.
9.
Quasars are thought to be the centers of
a)
distant nebulas.
b)
distant constellations.
c)
distant galaxies.
d)
distant clusters.
10.
The varying theories of the universe’s eventual fate all depend on the universe’s current
a)
rate of expansion.
b)
mass.
c)
volume.
d)
energy.
11.
The core is the hottest part of the sun with a temperature of about
a)
50,000 K.
b)
1,000,000 K.
c)
15,000,000 K.
d)
200,000,000 K.
12.
Energy produced in a star’s core moves through the star by
a)
convection and fusion.
b)
radiation and fusion.
c)
convection and radiation.
d)
None of the above
13.
The brightness of a star depends on its
a)
temperature.
b)
size.
c)
distance from Earth.
d)
All of the above
14.
The composition of a star can be identified by
a)
its apparent brightness.
b)
the size of the star.
c)
the lines in its spectrum.
d)
the intensity of its radiation.
15.
The sun will eventually end up as a
a)
white dwarf.
b)
brown dwarf.
c)
neutron star.
d)
black hole.
16.
Stars produce energy by fusing hydrogen into
a)
oxygen.
b)
iron.
c)
carbon.
d)
helium.
17.
The lifespan of the sun before reaching the red giant stage is about
a)
250 million years.
b)
10 billion years.
c)
40 billion years.
d)
150 billion years.
18.
The surface temperature of the sun is related to its peak wavelength, which is near the color
a)
yellow.
b)
violet.
c)
red.
d)
blue.
19.
A _____ is so massive and compressed that not even light can escape its gravity.
a)
neutron star
b)
black hole
c)
protostar
d)
supernova
20.
A galaxy is a collection of _____ bound together by gravity.
a)
stars
b)
superclusters
c)
universes
d)
None of the above
21.
Quasars were named for their
a)
absorption of radiation.
b)
generation of radiation.
c)
resemblance to galaxies.
d)
resemblance to stars.
22.
Interstellar matter is composed of _____ found between stars in a galaxy.
a)
planets and moons
b)
light and radio waves
c)
dust and gas
d)
None of the above
23.
Astronomers group galaxies into three types, according to their
a)
shapes.
b)
ages.
c)
colors.
d)
sizes.
24.
Quasars are among the strongest sources of _____ in the universe.
a)
planets
b)
clusters
c)
radio waves
d)
sound waves
25.
Our solar system is located in which of these galaxies?
a)
Andromeda
b)
Milky Way
c)
Messier 87
d)
Fornax A
26.
A star generates energy by
a)
fission.
b)
photosynthesis.
c)
fusion.
d)
None of the above
27.
The closest star to Earth is
a)
the sun.
b)
Sirius
c)
Canus Major.
d)
Kelvin.
28.
The Milky Way galaxy contains interstellar matter that may
a)
form new galaxies.
b)
form new stars.
c)
form new universes.
d)
form new constellations.
29.
Elliptical galaxies often appear reddish due to an abundance of
a)
old stars.
b)
black holes.
c)
young stars.
d)
white dwarfs.
30.
Our galaxy is classified as a(n)
a)
irregular galaxy.
b)
elliptical galaxy.
c)
spherical galaxy.
d)
spiral galaxy.
31.
Who first proposed that the universe is expanding?
a)
Darwin
b)
Kepler
c)
Copernicus
d)
Hubble
32.
A star’s apparent brightness is dependent upon
a)
temperature.
b)
distance from Earth.
c)
size.
d)
All of the above
33.
Like 90 % of all stars in our galaxy, the sun is
a)
a red giant
b)
a very young star
c)
in midlife.
d)
None of the above
34.
Energy is released in stars as a result of
a)
fission reactions.
b)
fusion reactions.
c)
endothermic reactions.
d)
biochemical reactions.
35.
Most of the stars in the Milky Way will end their lives as
a)
white dwarfs.
b)
black holes.
c)
supernovas.
d)
red giants.
36.
Quasars are among the strongest sources of _____ in the universe.
a)
light
b)
radio waves
c)
gamma rays
d)
x-rays
37.
The universe is made up of mostly
a)
dark matter.
b)
interstellar matter.
c)
stars.
d)
empty space.
38.
A light-year is a unit of
a)
time.
b)
distance.
c)
mass.
d)
density.
39.
Our solar system is inside the
a)
Alpha Centauri galaxy.
b)
Betelgeuse galaxy.
c)
Milky Way galaxy.
d)
Andromeda galaxy.
40.
Spiral galaxies often appear bluish due to an abundance of
a)
old stars.
b)
black holes.
c)
young stars.
d)
white dwarfs.
41.
Galaxies are classified based on their
a)
shape.
b)
color.
c)
stars.
d)
age.
42.
An observation of the red shift of galaxies suggests that the universe is
a)
expanding.
b)
contracting.
c)
reversing.
d)
stagnant.
43.
The surface temperature of a star can be estimated based on the star’s
a)
size.
b)
color.
c)
age.
d)
mass.
44.
An astronomer observes four stars, each of which is a different color. Of these stars, the _____ star is the hottest.
a)
red
b)
blue
c)
yellow
d)
green
45.
In stars, energy is produced primarily as hydrogen atoms are combined to form
a)
helium atoms.
b)
carbon atoms.
c)
oxygen atoms.
d)
nitrogen atoms.
46.
A star is born when
a)
gas and dust collapse inward.
b)
nuclear fusion starts in the core.
c)
the fusion of hydrogen slows down.
d)
the core becomes carbon and oxygen.
47.
Quasars were named for their
a)
absorption of radiation.
b)
generation of radiation.
c)
resemblance to galaxies.
d)
resemblance to stars.
48.

What is a star?

a)

A large celestial body composed of gas that emits light

b)

A planet that orbits the sun

c)

A small rock in space

d)

A cloud of dust and gas

49.

How far does light travel in one year, known as a light-year?

a)

About 9.46 trillion kilometers

b)

About 1 million kilometers

c)

About 100 billion kilometers

d)

About 500 thousand kilometers

50.

What process powers stars?

a)

Nuclear fusion reactions

b)

Chemical reactions

c)

Solar wind

d)

Magnetic fields

51.

Where does nuclear fusion take place in a star?

a)

In the core of a star

b)

On the surface of a star

c)

In the star's atmosphere

d)

In the surrounding nebula

52.

What happens when two particles fuse in a star?

a)

Energy is released

b)

The star cools down

c)

The star changes color

d)

The star shrinks

53.

Which process combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms into helium in stars?

a)

Fusion

b)

Fission

c)

Evaporation

d)

Condensation

54.

How does energy move through the layers of a star?

a)

By convection and radiation

b)

By conduction and evaporation

c)

By absorption and reflection

d)

By diffusion and osmosis

55.

During convection in a star, what happens to hot gas?

a)

It moves upward, away from the star’s center

b)

It sinks toward the center

c)

It stays in place

d)

It moves sideways

56.

During radiation in a star, what do atoms near the star’s surface do?

a)

Radiate energy into space

b)

Absorb energy and keep it

c)

Move toward the center

d)

Change into helium

57.

Explain how stars are formed and describe the process that powers them.

a)

Stars are formed from clouds of dust and gas (nebulae) and are powered by nuclear fusion reactions in their core, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium and release energy.

b)

Stars are formed from rocks and powered by gravity.

c)

Stars are created from water and powered by electricity.

d)

Stars are made from metal and powered by magnetism.

58.

Which instrument allowed astronomers to accurately study stars for the first time?

a)

Microscope

b)

Telescope

c)

Binoculars

d)

Magnifying glass

59.

What does the brightness of a star depend on?

a)

Its age and color

b)

Its temperature, size, and distance from Earth

c)

Its shape and speed

d)

Its magnetic field and orbit

60.

Why does Sirius appear as the brightest star in the night sky?

a)

It is the largest star

b)

It is relatively close to Earth

c)

It is the oldest star

d)

It has the most energy

61.

How do scientists study the energy emitted by stars?

a)

By measuring their gravity

b)

By using optical and radio telescopes to study electromagnetic radiation

c)

By observing their movement

d)

By calculating their age

62.

Why do telescopes in space allow scientists to study a wider range of the spectrum?

a)

They are larger than ground telescopes

b)

Earth's atmosphere blocks some wavelengths

c)

They are closer to the stars

d)

They use more advanced technology

63.

How is a star’s color related to its temperature?

a)

Hotter stars glow with longer wavelengths

b)

Cooler stars glow with shorter wavelengths

c)

Hotter stars glow with shorter wavelengths

d)

Temperature does not affect color

64.

What do spectral lines reveal about stars?

a)

Their distance from Earth

b)

Their composition

c)

Their brightness

d)

Their age

65.

Each element produces a unique pattern of what in a star’s spectrum?

a)

Colors

b)

Spectral lines

c)

Temperatures

d)

Sizes

66.

Explain why hot stars emit more energy at every wavelength than cooler stars. Use evidence from the properties of electromagnetic radiation.

a)

Hot stars have more mass

b)

Hot stars have shorter wavelengths and higher energy

c)

Hot stars are closer to Earth

d)

Hot stars are older

67.

Describe how astronomers use telescopes to study different types of electromagnetic radiation from stars, and why space telescopes are important.

a)

Telescopes only study visible light, and space telescopes are not needed

b)

Telescopes can study both visible light and radio waves, and space telescopes are important because Earth's atmosphere blocks some wavelengths

c)

Telescopes study sound waves, and space telescopes are important for clearer images

d)

Telescopes study gravity, and space telescopes are important for measuring star movement

68.

Which process marks the "birth" of the sun?

a)

The formation of a cloud of gas and dust

b)

The beginning of fusion in the core

c)

The sun becoming a red giant

d)

The sun turning into a white dwarf

69.

About how many years ago did the sun form?

a)

1 billion years ago

b)

10 billion years ago

c)

5 billion years ago

d)

500 million years ago

70.

What balances the inward force due to gravity in the sun?

a)

The sun's magnetic field

b)

The sun's rotation

c)

Outward force from fusion reactions

d)

The sun's atmosphere

71.

What happens to the sun’s core as it ages?

a)

The percentage of hydrogen increases

b)

The percentage of helium increases

c)

The temperature decreases

d)

The core disappears

72.

What is the next stage for the sun after it finishes nuclear fusion in its core?

a)

It becomes a black hole

b)

It becomes a red giant

c)

It becomes a neutron star

d)

It becomes a supernova

73.

What is a red giant?

a)

A small, hot dim star

b)

A large, reddish star late in its life cycle

c)

A young, blue star

d)

A star that is forming from a cloud of gas and dust

74.

What happens when the sun runs out of helium?

a)

It explodes as a supernova

b)

Its outer layers expand and leave the sun’s orbit

c)

It becomes a black hole

d)

It forms a new planet

75.

What is a white dwarf?

a)

A large, reddish star

b)

A small, hot dim star that is the leftover center of an old star

c)

A star forming from a cloud of gas and dust

d)

A star that is about to become a red giant

76.

Scientists estimate that the sun can continue nuclear fusion for how much longer?

a)

1 billion years

b)

10 billion years

c)

5 billion years

d)

500 million years

77.

Explain the sequence of stages the sun will go through from its formation to its final stage.

a)

Cloud of gas and dust → Fusion begins → Red giant → White dwarf

b)

White dwarf → Red giant → Fusion begins → Cloud of gas and dust

c)

Red giant → Cloud of gas and dust → Fusion begins → White dwarf

d)

Fusion begins → White dwarf → Red giant → Cloud of gas and dust

78.

Which type of star explodes in a supernova?

a)

Supergiant star

b)

Red dwarf star

c)

White dwarf star

d)

Neutron star

79.

What signals the beginning of a supergiant star's death?

a)

Formation of an iron core

b)

Formation of a helium core

c)

Increase in brightness

d)

Decrease in temperature

80.

What is a supernova?

a)

A gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space

b)

A small explosion caused by a planet

c)

The birth of a new star

d)

The cooling of a white dwarf

81.

If the core that remains after a supernova has a mass of 1.4 to 3 solar masses, what can it become?

a)

Neutron star

b)

Black hole

c)

White dwarf

d)

Red giant

82.

What happens if the leftover core after a supernova has a mass greater than three solar masses?

a)

It collapses to form a black hole

b)

It becomes a white dwarf

c)

It turns into a red giant

d)

It forms a planetary nebula

83.

What is a black hole?

a)

An object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity

b)

A star that has cooled down completely

c)

A planet with no atmosphere

d)

A cloud of gas and dust

84.

What does the vertical line on an H-R diagram indicate?

a)

Brightness in absolute magnitude

b)

Temperature

c)

Age of the star

d)

Color of the star

85.

What does the horizontal line on an H-R diagram indicate?

a)

Temperature

b)

Brightness

c)

Mass

d)

Size

86.

Most stars appear in a diagonal line on the H-R diagram called what?

a)

Main sequence

b)

Red giant branch

c)

White dwarf line

d)

Supernova path

87.

As stars age and pass through different stages, what happens to their positions on the H-R diagram?

a)

Their positions change

b)

Their positions remain the same

c)

They disappear from the diagram

d)

They move to the center

88.

What is the current stage of the sun?

a)

Main-sequence star

b)

Red giant

c)

White dwarf

d)

Neutron star

89.

Explain how the H-R diagram helps astronomers understand the evolution of stars.

a)

It shows the relationship between brightness and temperature, allowing astronomers to track changes as stars age and move through different stages.

b)

It only shows the color of stars.

c)

It is used to measure the distance between stars.

d)

It helps astronomers find planets around stars.

90.

Why do some supernovas form neutron stars while others form black holes?

a)

It depends on the mass of the core left after the supernova; cores with 1.4 to 3 solar masses become neutron stars, while those with more than three solar masses become black holes.

b)

It depends on the color of the star.

c)

It depends on the temperature of the star.

d)

It depends on the age of the star.

91.

What is a galaxy made of?

a)

Stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

b)

Only stars

c)

Only planets and moons

d)

Water and air

92.

Which force holds galaxies together?

a)

Magnetism

b)

Gravity

c)

Electricity

d)

Friction

93.

Why might everything in space be a veil of gas spread out through space without gravity?

a)

Because gravity keeps objects in space together

b)

Because gravity makes objects move faster

c)

Because gravity creates light

d)

Because gravity causes explosions

94.

What is a cluster in terms of galaxies?

a)

A group of stars or galaxies bound by gravity

b)

A single star

c)

A planet and its moons

d)

A cloud of gas

95.

The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are part of which group?

a)

The Solar System

b)

The Local Group

c)

The Supercluster

d)

The Nebula Group

96.

Explain how gravity affects the structure of galaxies and their clusters.

a)

Gravity binds stars, dust, and gas together to form galaxies and also holds galaxies together in clusters, preventing them from spreading out evenly through space.

b)

Gravity only affects planets, not galaxies.

c)

Gravity causes galaxies to disappear.

d)

Gravity makes galaxies change color.

97.

Which type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

a)

Spiral galaxy

b)

Elliptical galaxy

c)

Irregular galaxy

d)

Lenticular galaxy

98.

What is interstellar matter?

a)

The gas and dust located between stars in a galaxy

b)

The core of a galaxy

c)

The planets orbiting a star

d)

The light emitted by stars

99.

Which statement best describes elliptical galaxies?

a)

They have no spiral arms and are spherical or egg shaped

b)

They have many spiral arms and lots of interstellar matter

c)

They are always irregularly shaped

d)

They contain mostly young stars

100.

Why do elliptical galaxies often have a reddish color?

a)

Because they contain mostly older, red stars

b)

Because they have a lot of interstellar dust

c)

Because they are close to other galaxies

d)

Because they are shaped like eggs

101.

What causes some irregular galaxies to be oddly shaped?

a)

Gravitational influence of nearby galaxies distorts their spiral arms

b)

They have too many spiral arms

c)

They contain mostly young stars

d)

They are located in the center of the universe

102.

Explain how scientists use astronomical data to understand the structure of the Milky Way galaxy.

a)

By piecing together information from observations to create a picture of the galaxy

b)

By guessing based on the color of stars

c)

By only studying the solar system

d)

By measuring the temperature of planets

103.

Compare the structure of spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies. What are the main differences?

a)

Spiral galaxies have spiral arms, elliptical galaxies are spherical or egg shaped with no spiral arms, and irregular galaxies lack regular shapes and structure

b)

All galaxies have spiral arms

c)

Elliptical galaxies are always blue

d)

Irregular galaxies are always the largest

104.

How do scientists know that galaxies change over time?

a)

By observing the color of stars in galaxies

b)

By studying closer galaxies that might be similar to ancient ones

c)

By measuring the temperature of galaxies

d)

By counting the number of planets in galaxies

105.

What is a quasar?

a)

A type of planet

b)

A faint star

c)

A very luminous object with a huge central black hole and a large disk of gas and dust

d)

A comet in the solar system

106.

Which of the following is NOT a way galaxies change over time?

a)

By using up their stores of gas and dust

b)

By collisions with other galaxies

c)

By mutual gravitational attraction changing their shape

d)

By absorbing energy from the Sun

107.

Why might collisions of gas and dust in galaxies be important?

a)

They cause galaxies to disappear

b)

They may cause new stars to begin forming

c)

They make galaxies colder

d)

They stop galaxies from changing shape

108.

Explain how mutual gravitational attraction between galaxies can affect their shape. Use evidence from the text to support your answer.

a)

It causes galaxies to shrink in size

b)

It changes the shape of galaxies as they approach each other

c)

It makes galaxies spin faster

d)

It increases the number of stars in a galaxy

109.

Which of the following best describes what makes up the universe?

a)

Only stars and planets

b)

All space, matter, and energy that exists, has existed, or will exist

c)

Only galaxies and black holes

d)

Only the things we can see with telescopes

110.

What is the main reason we see the universe as it was in the past?

a)

Because space is a vacuum

b)

Because it takes time for light to travel in space

c)

Because the universe is expanding

d)

Because stars are very old

111.

Why do scientists believe the universe is expanding?

a)

Because planets are moving closer together

b)

Because the temperature of space is increasing

c)

Because observations of spectral lines from other galaxies show they are moving away from us

d)

Because stars are getting brighter

112.

What is the term for the event that scientists theorize formed the universe?

a)

The Great Collapse

b)

The Big Bang

c)

The Cosmic Shift

d)

The Universal Explosion

113.

Most of the universe is made up of which of the following?

a)

Air

b)

Water

c)

Empty space

d)

Solid matter

114.

Explain how scientists use ancient light to make predictions about the origin and future of the universe.

a)

They use ancient light to measure the temperature of stars only.

b)

They use ancient light to determine the age of planets.

c)

They use ancient light and other evidence to theorize about the formation and expansion of the universe.

d)

They use ancient light to find new galaxies.

115.

What is the Doppler effect?

a)

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

b)

The bending of light as it passes through a lens

c)

The splitting of white light into different colors

d)

The absorption of sound waves by a medium

116.

What does the red shift observed in light from distant galaxies indicate?

a)

The galaxies are moving away from the observer

b)

The galaxies are getting closer to the observer

c)

The galaxies are changing color

d)

The galaxies are losing mass

117.

According to the big bang theory, what happened to all matter and energy in the universe 13 to 15 billion years ago?

a)

It was compressed into a small volume and then exploded, expanding in all directions

b)

It was created from nothing and remained static

c)

It was spread evenly throughout the universe without any explosion

d)

It was destroyed and then recreated

118.

Which type of radiation is considered evidence supporting the big bang theory?

a)

Cosmic background radiation

b)

Ultraviolet radiation

c)

Infrared radiation

d)

Gamma radiation

119.

Why do scientists believe that cosmic background radiation is important for understanding the early universe?

a)

It is a dim remnant of the radiation produced during the big bang

b)

It is the only type of radiation found in space

c)

It is produced by stars in the present universe

d)

It is responsible for the formation of black holes

120.

Explain how the expansion of the universe, according to the big bang theory, led to the formation of matter such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.

a)

Expansion cooled the universe enough for matter to form

b)

Expansion heated the universe, preventing matter from forming

c)

Expansion caused matter to disappear

d)

Expansion had no effect on the formation of matter

121.

Compare the big bang theory to other theories about the origin of the universe. Why is the big bang theory considered the most complete and widely accepted?

a)

It explains the expansion of the universe and is supported by evidence like cosmic background radiation

b)

It is the oldest theory about the universe

c)

It does not require any scientific evidence

d)

It was proposed by the most famous scientists

122.

Which theory is constantly tested against new discoveries about the universe?

a)

The big bang theory

b)

The theory of relativity

c)

The string theory

d)

The quantum theory

123.

What might happen to the big bang theory as new information is discovered?

a)

It may be refined, revised, or replaced

b)

It will remain unchanged forever

c)

It will be ignored by scientists

d)

It will become less important

124.

What do scientists use to hypothesize about the future of the universe?

a)

Their increasing knowledge of the universe

b)

Their imagination

c)

Ancient myths

d)

Random guesses

125.

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome for the future of the universe according to the competition between expansion and gravity?

a)

The universe will keep expanding forever

b)

The universe will stop expanding and start to fall back in on itself

c)

The universe will gradually slow down and approach a limit in size

d)

The universe will become completely static and unchanging

126.

How does the mass of the universe affect its future?

a)

It determines whether the universe will expand, slow down, or contract

b)

It has no effect on the universe's future

c)

It only affects the temperature of the universe

d)

It only affects the color of stars

127.

If there is not enough mass in the universe, what will happen to its expansion?

a)

The gravitational pull will be too small to stop the expansion

b)

The universe will contract immediately

c)

The universe will stop expanding and fall back on itself

d)

The expansion will never begin

128.

If the universe has just the right amount of mass, what will happen to its expansion?

a)

The expansion will continually slow down, but never stop completely

b)

The universe will contract rapidly

c)

The expansion will speed up uncontrollably

d)

The universe will stop expanding instantly

129.

If there is too much mass in the universe, what is the likely outcome?

a)

Gravity will overcome expansion and the universe will contract

b)

The universe will expand forever

c)

The universe will remain unchanged

d)

The universe will lose all its mass

130.

Why is the future of the universe considered uncertain?

a)

Because the universe is expanding and gravity is pulling it inward, leading to different possible outcomes

b)

Because scientists do not study the universe

c)

Because the universe is shrinking rapidly

d)

Because the universe is static and unchanging

131.

How do scientists make predictions about the future of the universe?

a)

By using their increasing knowledge to hypothesize possible outcomes

b)

By guessing randomly

c)

By ignoring new discoveries

d)

By relying only on ancient beliefs

132.

Suppose scientists discover that the universe has much more mass than previously thought. Based on the information provided, what would you predict about the future of the universe?

a)

The universe will eventually contract due to gravity overcoming expansion

b)

The universe will expand forever

c)

The universe will remain unchanged

d)

The universe will lose all its mass

133.

If the expansion of the universe is observed to be slowing down but not stopping, what does this suggest about the amount of mass in the universe?

a)

The universe has just the right amount of mass for expansion to slow down but never stop

b)

The universe has too little mass

c)

The universe has too much mass

d)

The universe has no mass

134.

Which of the following helps scientists study the universe?

a)

Powerful telescopes and sensitive equipment

b)

Microscopes and petri dishes

c)

Magnifying glasses and rulers

d)

Thermometers and barometers

135.

What do scientists call the matter in the universe that is not visible?

a)

Dark matter

b)

Light matter

c)

Visible matter

d)

Cosmic dust

136.

Which of the following could be considered as dark matter?

a)

Planets, black holes, or brown dwarfs

b)

Stars undergoing fusion

c)

Comets and asteroids

d)

Sunlight and radiation

137.

How do scientists use mathematics in their study of the universe?

a)

To build better models and express theories in mathematical form

b)

To create artistic representations of space

c)

To measure the temperature of stars

d)

To predict the color of planets

138.

Who developed the general theory of relativity and expressed it in mathematical form?

a)

Albert Einstein

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Stephen Hawking

139.

Explain why mathematical models are important in testing scientific theories about the universe.

a)

They help test theories that are not easily observed

b)

They make theories more complicated

c)

They replace the need for observations

d)

They are only used for entertainment

140.

Describe how new technology has impacted the way scientists test theories about the universe.

a)

It allows scientists to make observations and develop new explanations

b)

It makes theories less reliable

c)

It prevents scientists from making observations

d)

It only helps with laboratory experiments

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