smallest fragment of matter, which means "unable to be cut"

(a)  

smallest fragment of matter, which means "unable to be cut"

(a)  

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes and the center of an atom

(a)  

mass. = about 1 amu

positively charged particles (+)

(a)  

mass. = about 1 amu

no charge at all (neutral)

(a)  

negatively charged particles (-)

in constant motion

around the nucleus

2-8-8 rule

attracted to the positively charged nucleus

(a)  

a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atoms. more than 100 of this are known. they are represented by one- or two-letter symbols

(a)  

the number of protons in the nucleus of an element, never changes for an element

(a)  

atoms of an element which have different numbers of neutrons. some are radioactive and scientists use them as tools

(a)  

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

(a)  

main types f chemical bonds are (a)  

only electrons in the outer shell, determine what atoms can react (interact) with

(a)  

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. the oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other forming this

(a)  

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

(a)  

formed when electrons are shared by atoms. Electrons flow around both atoms sharing them, holding them together. One pair of atoms can share 2, 4, or 6 electrons

(a)  

2 or more atoms covalently bonded together. covalent bonds builds these.

(a)  

brief weak attractions between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules or atoms

(a)  

means oppositely charged, a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative

(a)  

when the more positive hydrogen of one water is attracted to the more negative oxygen of another, each water molecule can form these with up to 4 other water molecules, they can break easily if chemical or physical energy is added to water.

(a)  

the ability of water molecules to stick together because of hydrogen bonding, an attraction between molecules of the same substance

(a)  

water can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, an attraction between molecules of different substances

(a)  

a measure of how much heat energy is needed to increase temperature, high in water bc of hydrogen bonds absorb a lot of energy before they finally break apart and become steam,

(a)  

a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that ae physically mixed together

(a)  

water is able to interact with the other chemicals in a way that all are evenly spread out we call the mixture

(a)  

solutions form when the polar water reacts with charged areas of other molecules or ions and pulls them apart, what does this cause?

(a)  

what does all the components of something in which they are evenly distributed throughout the solution

(a)  

the substance which is dissolved

(a)  

the substance which causes the dissolving

(a)  

small molecules that easily dissolve in water (water loving)

(a)  

they break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules

(a)  

molecules that NOT dissolve in water (water-fearing)

(a)  

they can not interrupt the hydrogen bonds between water molecules

(a)  

the measure of how many H+ are in a solution

(a)  

tells the concentration of H+ ions in solution

(a)  

any compound that donates H+ ions in solution and has a pH below 7

(a)  

a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution, absorbs or accepts H+ ion, and has above 7

(a)  

acids and bases are this. they react easily with other molecules, including water

(a)  

a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components

(a)  

the large molecules that build living cells all contain

(a)  

what allows carbon to make 4 bonds

(a)  

the study of carbon-containing compounds

(a)  

what can bind to other carbons, form long chains, form rings, single, double and triple bonds

(a)  

many organic compounds in cells

(a)  

giant molecule

(a)  

monomers are built in to large molecules

(a)  

same molecules that may be the same or different

(a)  

4 major groups of macromolecules:

(not plural)

(a)  

carbohydrates are made of what?

(a)  

carbohydrates are made of CHO contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio (a)  

what are the functions of carbohydrates?

(a)  

carbohydrates can be ____________ or _______________

(a)  

simple carbs or simple sugars also known as

(a)  

a single molecules of sugar, the monomers of carbs

(a)  

used for immediate energy

(a)  

preferred energy source for all cells

(a)  

a monosaccharide - the building block of polysaccharides

(a)  

2 monosaccharides bound together, two monomers bonded together

(a)  

lactose, sucrose, maltose

(a)  

complex carbs also called

(a)  

many molecules of glucose hooked together, the polymers of carbs

(a)  

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

(a)  

starch

(a)  

glycogen

m = muscles

(a)  

carbohydrates can be for (a)  

cellulose

(a)  

chitin

(a)  

made of CHO, too, but with less O

(a)  

not soluble in water, not a single type of monomer

(a)  

many formed wen a glycerol molecules combine with compounds called fatty acitds

(a)  

a glycerol molecules combines with compounds

(a)  

What are these imagines showing?

(a)  

What is this imagine showing?

(a)  

What does this imagine show?

(a)  

What is this imagine show?

(a)  

fats, oils or waxes

(a)  

functions of lipids:

cm = cell membranes

wc = waterproof covers

chme = chemical messengers

(a)  

What does the presence of double bonds in lipids change?

(a)  

FATS, no double bonds, solid at room temperature, considered less healthy

(a)  

2 or more double bonds

(a)  

OILS, at least one double bond, 2 or more double bonds = poly (a)   , liquid at room temperature, considered healthier

Nucleic Acids are made from (a)  

Nucleic Acids function:

h = hereditary

g = genetic

info = information

(a)  

Nucleic Acids function:

(part 2)

(a)  

Nucleotides consist of three parts:

(part 1)

(a)  

Nucleotides consist of three parts:

(part 2)

(a)  

Nucleotides consist of three parts:

(part 3)

(a)  

what is the nucleotides work alone, capture and hold energy

(a)  

What does this photo show?

(a)  

What does this imagine show?

(a)  

What does this imagine show?

(a)  

What does this imagine show?

(the whole imagine is of a nucleotide)

(a)  

What does this imagine show?

(a)  

What joins nucleotides?

(a)  

What are the two types of nucleotides that are joined together by covalent bonds?

(a)  

proteins are polymers of molecules called...

(a)  

What are the functions of proteins?

(part 1)

(a)  

What are the functions of proteins?

(part 2)

(a)  

What are the functions of proteins?

(part 3)

(a)  

What are the functions of proteins?

(part 4)

(a)  

What are the functions of proteins?

(part 5)

(a)  

what do amino acids have at both ends

(a)  

-NH2

(a)  

-COOH

(a)  

how many different amino acids are there

(a)  

What does this show?

(a)  

What does this show?

(a)  

What are bound together to make proteins?

(a)  

what are covalent bonds also known for amino acids

(a)  

What does the middle arrow point to?

(a)  

proteins are usually _____ and ________ molecules

(a)  

what is a functional molecule built from one or more polypeptides

(a)