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Review Unit C: Rocks & Minerals

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 2hrs 0mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Earth's oceanic crust can be best described as... 地球的海洋地殼最好被描述為......

a)

granite 花崗岩, with a density 密度 of 2.7 g/cm3

b)

basalt 玄武岩, with a density 密度 of 3.0 g/cm3

c)

quartz 石英, with a metallic luster 金屬光澤

d)

pyrite 黃鐵礦, with a non-metallic luster 非金屬光澤

2.

Which mineral has a metallic luster? 哪種礦物具有金屬光澤？

a)

hematite 赤鐵礦

b)

graphite 石墨

c)

sulfur 硫

d)

halite 岩鹽

3.
Identify two processes that formed this rock 指出形成這種岩石的兩個過程。
a)
weathering and erosion 風化和侵蝕
b)
compaction and cementation 壓實和膠結
c)
melting, cooling and solidification of magma 熔化，冷卻，凝固地下岩漿
d)
intense heat and pressure 強烈的熱量和壓力
4.

Obsidian’s glassy texture indicates that it formed 黑曜岩的玻質感表明它的形成是

a)

slowly, deep below Earth’s surface 很緩慢，深入地表以下

b)

slowly, on Earth’s surface 很緩慢，在地表上

c)

quickly, deep below Earth’s surface 很快速，深入地表以下

d)

quickly, on Earth’s surface 很快速，在地表上

5.

Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles are classified as 大多數由碎屑岩石顆粒所形成的岩石被歸類為

a)

extrusive igneous 噴出式火成岩

b)

clastic sedimentary 碎片沉積岩

c)

intrusive igneous 侵入式火成岩

d)

chemical sedimentary 化學沉積岩

6.
Which statement is true about this rock? 關於這塊岩石，哪個說法是正確的？
a)
vesicular texture 氣孔
b)
coarse interlocking mineral crystals (like puzzle pieces) 粗連鎖礦物晶體（如拼圖）
c)
bioclastic texture 生物碎屑
d)
distorted foliated banding 扭曲的條帶
7.
What's the difference between a fine grained and coarse grained igneous rock? 小顆粒和大顆粒火成岩之間有什麼區別？
a)
Coarse grained cooled quickly
b)
Coarse grained cooled slowly
c)
Fine grained cooled slowly
d)
Fine grained didn't cool at all
8.
The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because 礦物石英和石鹽具有不同的晶體形狀，主要是因為
a)
of their luster 光澤
b)
of the internal atomic arrangement of atoms 原子的內部原子排列
c)
they have been oxidized (exposed to oxygen) 他們已經被氧化了
d)
of their color 他們的顏色
9.
Which mineral property is best illustrated by the broken mineral samples? 哪一個樣本礦物特性是最好的說明？
a)
hardness 硬度
b)
streak  條紋
c)
cleavage 解理
d)
density 密
10.
Compared to felsic igneous rocks, mafic igneous rocks contain greater amounts of 相較於長英質岩火成岩，鎂鐵質火成岩含有更大量的
a)
aluminum
b)
pink feldspar
c)
iron
d)
white quartz
11.

The crystal shape and type of cleavage of these two minerals are determined mainly by the minerals’ 這兩種礦物的晶體形態和裂解類型主要由礦物的礦物成分決定，

a)

color and type of luster 顏色和類型的光澤

b)

composition and atomic arrangement 組成和原子排列

c)

streak and hardness 條紋和硬度

d)

density and magnetism 密度和磁性

12.

Which lettered box could represent the rock conglomerate? 哪個字母表示的方框可能代表礫岩？

a)

G

b)

E

c)

C

d)

B

13.

Metamorphic rocks are represented by which lettered box in the flowchart? 流程圖中哪個字母表示的方框代表受這些作用力而形成的變質岩？

a)

A

b)

E

c)

C

d)

B

14.

Which rock is most likely phyllite? 哪一種岩石最有可能是千枚岩？

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

15.

Which observable property can be seen from this rock sample? 從這個岩石樣本中可以看到哪些可觀察到的特性？

a)

clastic texture 碎屑結構

b)

distorted and foliated texture 扭曲和葉狀結構

c)

glassy texture 玻璃狀結構

d)

coarse, interlocking mineral crystals 粗糙，互鎖的礦物晶體

16.

This rock can be classified as...

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

unknown

17.

Diagrams A and B represent magnified views of the arrangement of mineral crystals in a rock before and after being subjected to geologic processes. 圖 A 和 B 代表在經歷地質過程之前和之後岩石中礦物晶體排列的放大視圖。


Which geologic processes are most likely responsible for the banding and alignment of mineral crystals represented in diagram B?

哪種地質過程最有可能是圖 B 所示的礦物晶體的條帶狀以及排列成因？

a)

melting and solidification

熔化和凝固

b)

heating and increasing pressure

加熱和加壓

c)

weathering and erosion

風化和侵蝕

d)

compaction and cementation

壓實和黏固

18.

What pattern of breakage does this mineral have?

a)

cleavage 分裂

b)

fracture 斷裂

19.
Which rock was subjected to intense heat and pressure but did not solidify from magma?  哪種岩石會承受高溫和高壓但卻不會從岩漿 凝固？
a)
sandstone 沙岩
b)
schist片岩
c)
gabbro 輝長岩
d)
rhyolite 流紋岩
20.

Peridot is a form of the mineral 橄欖岩是哪種礦物的一種形式

a)

pyrite 黃鐵礦

b)

olivine 橄欖石礦物

c)

garnet 石榴石

d)

pyroxene 輝石

21.

Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)? 哪種礦物被開採為元素鉛（Pb）的來源？

a)

galena 方鉛礦

b)

quartz 石英

c)

magnetite 磁鐵礦

d)

gypsum 石膏

22.
Identify two processes that formed this rock 指出形成這種岩石的兩個過程。
a)
weathering and erosion 風化和侵蝕
b)
compaction and cementation 壓實和膠結
c)
melting, cooling and solidification of magma 熔化，冷卻，凝固地下岩漿
d)
intense heat and pressure 強烈的熱量和壓力
23.
Identify two processes that formed this rock 指出形成這種岩石的兩個過程。
a)
compaction and cementation 壓實和殼的膠結
b)
melting, cooling and solidification of magma 熔化，冷卻，凝固地下岩漿
c)
intense heat and pressure 強烈的熱量和壓力
d)
erosion and then melting 侵蝕和融化
24.
Identify two processes that formed this rock 指出形成這種岩石的兩個過程。
a)
compaction and cementation 壓實和殼的膠結
b)
melting, cooling and solidification of magma 熔化，冷卻，凝固地下岩漿
c)
intense heat and pressure (but no melting) 強烈的熱量和壓力
d)
erosion and then melting 侵蝕和融化
25.
Which statement is true about this rock? 關於這塊岩石，哪個說法是正確的？
a)
cooled quickly, extrusively
b)
cooled slowly, intrusively
c)
compacted and cemented particles 壓實和膠結顆粒
d)
heat and pressure created a glassy texture 熱量和壓力創造了玻璃質感
26.
Which statement is true about this fragmental rock? 關於這塊岩石，哪個說法是正確的？
a)
bioclastic texture 生物碎屑
b)
clastic texture 碎屑
c)
coarse interlocking mineral crystals (like puzzle pieces) 粗連鎖礦物晶體（如拼圖）
d)
distorted foliated banding 扭曲的條帶
27.
Which statement is true about this rock? 關於這塊岩石，哪個說法是正確的？
a)
vesicular texture 氣孔
b)
coarse interlocking mineral crystals (like puzzle pieces) 粗連鎖礦物晶體（如拼圖）
c)
bioclastic texture 生物碎屑
d)
distorted foliated banding 扭曲的條帶
28.
Which statement is true about this rock? 關於這塊岩石，哪個說法是正確的？
a)
bioclastic texture 生物碎屑
b)
vesicular texture 氣孔
c)
distorted foliated banding 扭曲的條帶
d)
coarse interlocking mineral crystals (like puzzle pieces) 粗連鎖礦物晶體（如拼圖）
29.

What's the difference between a fine grained and coarse grained igneous rock? 小顆粒和大顆粒火成岩之間有什麼區別？

a)

Coarse grained cooled quickly 大顆粒快速冷卻

b)

Coarse grained cooled slowly 大顆粒慢慢冷卻

c)

Fine grained cooled slowly 小顆粒慢慢冷卻

d)

Fine grained didn't cool at all 小顆粒沒冷靜

30.
What is the color and type of rock that forms oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges? 形成洋中脊海底地殼的岩石是什麼顏色和類型？
a)
light colored and igneous 淺色和火成岩
b)
light colored and sedimentary 淺色和沉積岩
c)
dark colored and igneous
d)
dark colored and sedimentary 深色和沉積岩
31.
Which rock normally forms when minerals from molten material cool and crystallize in these stages? 當來自熔融材料的礦物冷卻和結晶時，哪種岩石形成？
a)
shale  頁岩
b)
gneiss 片麻石
c)
gabbro 輝長岩
d)
breccia 角礫岩
32.
In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types? 在哪組圖中岩石按照其正確的岩石種類被標示出來？
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
33.
The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because 礦物石英和石鹽具有不同的晶體形狀，主要是因為
a)
of their luster 光澤
b)
of the internal atomic arrangement of atoms 原子的內部原子排列
c)
they have been oxidized (exposed to oxygen) 他們已經被氧化了
d)
of their color 他們的顏色
34.
Which statement best describes a general property of rocks? 哪一句描述岩石的一般屬性?
a)
Most rocks have a number of minerals in common. 大多數岩石有類似的礦物           
b)
Most rocks are composed of a single mineral. 大多數岩石是由一種礦物
c)
All rocks contain fossils. 所有岩石都有化石
d)
All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation. 所有岩石都具有來自壓實和膠結的礦物
35.
A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral’s 礦物的晶體形狀和解理是因為
a)
hardness 硬度
b)
arrangement of atoms 原子排列
c)
abundance in nature 天然的豐富
d)
exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere 暴露在水圈和大氣
36.

Compared to felsic igneous rocks, mafic igneous rocks contain greater amounts of 相較於長英質岩火成岩，鎂鐵質火成岩含有更大量的

a)

aluminum

b)

pink feldspar

c)

iron

d)

white quartz

37.
Which is the best description of the properties of basalt? 哪一個是玄武岩的性能最好的說明？
a)
fine-grained and mafic 細粒和鎂鐵質            
b)
fine-grained and felsic 細粒和長英質石
c)
coarse-grained and mafic 粗粒和鎂鐵質
d)
coarse-grained and felsic 粗粒和長英質石
38.

What does the diagram show? 圖表顯示了什麼？

a)

Rocks are the same as minerals 岩石與礦物質相同

b)

Rocks can become other rocks through different processes 岩石可以通過不同的過程變成其他岩石

c)

Convection cells in the asthenosphere 軟流圈中的對流細胞

d)

Water cycle of how water is recycled on Earth's surface 水循環如何在地球表面回收水

39.

Which type of rock are these samples likely to be? 這些樣品可能是哪種類型的岩石？

a)

extrusive igneous

b)

intrusive igneous

c)

sedimentary 沉積

d)

metamorphic 變質

40.

Which physical property is being tested in this photo? 這張照片中正在測試哪種物理屬性？

a)

density 密度

b)

streak 條紋

c)

luster 光澤

d)

hardness 硬度

41.

Which lettered box could represent the rock granite? 哪個字母框可以代表岩石花崗岩？

a)

C

b)

E

c)

A

d)

B

42.

The photograph is of a rock sample composed of pebbles that have been cemented together. Identify the name of the sedimentary rock. 這張照片是由水泥粘合在一起的卵石組成的岩石樣品。 標識沉積岩的名稱。

a)

conglomerate

b)

granite

c)

limestone

d)

gneiss

43.

Which rock has never melted, but was produced by great heat and pressure, which distorted and rearranged its minerals? 哪一塊岩石從未融化過，而是由巨大的熱量和壓力所產生，卻扭曲並重新排列了其礦物？

a)

metaconglomerate

b)

siltstone

c)

breccia

d)

pegmatite

44.

Which table best represents the characteristics of the continental crust and the oceanic crust? 哪個表最能代表大陸殼和海洋殼的特徵？

a)
b)
c)
d)
45.

Which igneous rock has a coarse texture, formed intrusively from cooled magma? 哪個火成岩質地粗糙，是由冷卻的岩漿侵入而形成的？

a)
b)
c)
d)
46.

Which rock could be classified as a metamorphic rock? 哪種岩石可歸類為變質岩？

a)
b)
c)
d)
47.

Which rock could be classified as an igneous rock? 哪種岩石可歸類為火成岩？

a)
b)
c)
d)
48.

Which metamorphic rock below has a foliated texture?

a)
b)
c)
d)
49.

Which statement accurately classifies this rock?

a)

this is igneous because it has a vesicular texture

b)

this is sedimentary because it has a clastic texture

c)

this is metamorphic because it has a foliated texture

50.

Which metamorphic rock below experienced the most heat and pressure? 下面哪個變質岩經歷了最大的熱量和壓力？

a)
b)
c)
51.

Which igneous rock below has a vesicular texture 氣口袋結構?

a)
b)
c)
d)
52.

Which igneous rock cooled the slowest, from magma? 哪個火成岩從地下岩漿中冷卻得最慢？

a)
b)
c)
d)
53.

Which rock most probably formed directly from lava cooling quickly at Earth’s surface? 哪一個岩石是做從熔岩迅速冷卻，在地球表面?

a)
b)
c)
d)
54.

Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss bedrock probably formed from the 在片麻岩結構基岩中,可見波浪狀的淡和暗色礦物是如何形成?

a)

cementing together of individual grains 膠結在一起的單晶粒

b)

evaporation of an ancient ocean
一個古老的海洋蒸發

c)

cooling and crystallization of magma 冷卻岩漿結晶

d)

heat and pressure during metamorphism 變質過程中的熱量和壓力

55.

The rock shown below has a foliated texture and contains the minerals amphibole, quartz, and feldspar arranged in coarse-grained bands. Which rock is shown?

下圖所示的岩石塊具有層狀的紋理特性,並包含處於粗糙層的礦物角閃石、石英和長石。 這是下列何種岩石?

a)

shale 頁岩

b)

pumice 浮石

c)

quartzite 石英岩

d)

gneiss 片麻岩

56.

The photograph below shows the texture of a rock composed of various minerals as seen through a microscope. Which rock is most likely shown above? 下面的照片顯示透過顯微鏡所觀察到的由各種礦物質構成的岩石紋理。上圖所示的最有可能是哪一種岩石？

a)

sandstone 砂岩

b)

anthracite coal 無菸煤

c)

dunite 純橄

d)

schist 片岩

57.

When limestone is exposed to enough heat and pressure, it goes through physical changes. These changes can turn limestone into a different kind of rock called marble. Which of these BEST describes marble? 当石灰岩受到足够的温度和压力时，会发生物理变化。这些变化可以将石灰岩变成另一种岩石，称为大理石。以下哪项最能描述大理石？

a)

It is an igneous rock. 它是一种火成岩。

b)

It is a synthetic (fake) rock. 它是一种人造岩石。

c)

It is a sedimentary rock. 它是一种沉积岩。

d)

It is a metamorphic rock. 它是一种变质岩。

58.

This model shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years? 这个模型展示了海底的沉积物层。以下哪项最能解释这些沉积物层如何在漫长的时间里变成岩石？

a)

Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock. 沉积物中的沙子熔化并变成岩石。

b)

The weight of the water compacts (squeezes) the sediment into rock. 水的重量将沉积物压实成岩石。

c)

Changing water temperatures turns sand in the sediment into rock. 水温变化会使沉积物中的沙子变成岩石。

d)

Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock. 人类造成的污染使沉积物变成岩石。

59.

Based on the diagram, where do sediments come from? 根据图示，沉积物来自哪里？

a)

There have always been sediments on Earth 地球上一直都存在沉积物。

b)

Sediments accumulated as dust fell to Earth from other space 沉积物是由于来自太空的其他尘埃落到地球上而形成的。

c)

Weathering of other rocks 其他岩石的风化

d)

From the oceans 来自海洋

60.

Which letter in the rock cycle diagram represents metamorphic rock? 岩石循环图中哪个字母代表变质岩？

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

d)

E

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