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WorksheetsBIOL 2402 Exam 1 Summer 2018
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?
Amino acid absorption and protein synthesis are increased.
Body cells respond by increasing the rate of glucose uptake into target cells.
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets secrete insulin into the bloodstream.
There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue.
The target cells for the hormone ACTH are located in the __________.
adrenal cortex
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
Tropic hormones include which of the following?
both ACTH and CRH
CRH
cortisol, ACTH, and CRH
cortisol
Which of the following is NOT characterized by high levels of cortisol in the blood?
iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome
Addison's disease
Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's disease
High levels of cortisol would normally provide negative feedback to the ______________.
the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
An abnormally high level of which of the following would results in goiter?
either thyroxine or TRH
thyroxine
either TRH or TSH
TSH
Which of the following is mismatched?
direct communication — small solutes travel through gap junctions
paracrine communication — molecules released in local area
endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other
autocrine communication — limited to the cell that secretes the chemical signal
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
steroids
derivatives of reproductive galnds
lipids
amino acid derivatives
The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.
endocrine; lymphatic
renal; endocrine
cardiovascular; nervous
endocrine; nervous
Which of the following organs does not contain target cells for oxytocin?
prostate
heart
mammary gland
ductus deferens
The adrenal medulla produces
androgens
epinephrine
glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
parathyroid hormone
growth hormone
insulin
epinephrine
What kind of effect do hormones have if they produce different but complementary effects?
antagonistic effects
additive effects
permissive effects
integrative effects
Which of the following is not considered a plasma protein?
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
bilirubin
Release of which of the following hormones results in higher levels of erythrocytes.
testosterone
testosterone and erythropo
estrogen and erythropoietin
estrogen
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry _________ oxygen molecule(s)
two
one
three
four
Because of their short lifespan, a huge number of erythrocytes are recycled by macrophages. Which of the following is NOT a function of the macrophage?
The macrophage phagocytizes deteriorating and fragmented erythrocytes.
The macrophage synthesizes a small amount of hemoglobin and transports it to the bone marrow.
The macrophage phagocytizes hemoglobin from the bloodstream.
The macrophage dismantles the globin portion of hemoglobin into individual amino acids.
A hematocrit provides information on
plasma composition
blood type
clotting factors
formed elements abundance
The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except
red bone marrow.
the kidney.
the spleen.
the thymus.
What is the most common blood type in the United States?
A+
B+
O-
O+
What is the function of the coronary circulation?
Provide a blood supply to the pericardium
Provide a blood supply to the heart
Provide a blood supply to the aortic arch
Provide a blood supply to the lungs
What is the ligament arteriosum?
A remnant of the ductus arterioles.
A ligament securing the aorta.
A remnant of the foramen ovale
A ligament attaching the aorta to the superior vena cava
Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
I identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart.
pectinate muscles
atrium
coronary sinus
auricle
Name the ridged bundles of muscles found projecting inside the right atrium.
Papillary muscles
Pectinate muscles
Trabeculae carneae
Intercalated discs
Identify the right atrioventricular valve.
Pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Identify the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
What is the most muscular chamber of the heart?
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Name the inner lining of the heart
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
What here chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?
left atrium
right venticle
right atrium
left ventricle
Name the irregular ridges of muscle lining the ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
Pectinate muscles
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendineae
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the cardiac cycle?
At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, the atria are relaxed and the ventricles are contracting.
The backflow of blood towards the ventricles causes the semilunar valves to open.
The first event of ventricular systole is ventricular ejection.
In late ventricular diastole, all chambers are relaxed and filling to about seventy percent of their capacity.
The portion of the tracing of an electrocardiogram, ECG, that represents ventricular depolarization is the __________.
P WAVE
Q WAVE
T WAVE
QRS COMPLEX
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?
left atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
right atrium
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricles
right atrium
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out of the aorta to the systemic circuit?
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.
ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation
isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction
ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction
isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation
The beginning of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately precedes which of the following events?
blood ejection from the ventricles
closing of the semilunar valves
closing of the atrioventricular valves
atrial contraction
Which of the following can be heard with a stethoscope most easily?
closing of atrioventricular valves
contraction of atria
isovolumetric contraction
blood flow into aorta
Which of the following statements most accurately defines what is happening during the second phase of ventricular systole of the cardiac cycle?
Blood is being ejected from the ventricles through open semilunar valves.
All four valves of the heart are closed.
Pressure in the ventricles is rising but not enough to open the semilunar valves.
Due to the pressure generated by the contracting ventricles, the second sound of the heart can be heard.
In the non-exercising heart, which event of the cardiac cycle lasts the longest?
atrial diastole
ventricular systole
ventricular diastole
atrial systole
Delivering single shocks in succession to stimulate the frog heart ______.
did not increase the height of the ventricular systole wave
increased the height of the ventricle systole wave
resulted in wave summation
resulted in fused tetanus
When multiple stimuli were applied at 20 stimuli/sec, _______.
fused tetanus occured
triplets representing three ventricular contractions occured
extrasystoles were produced
atrial contractions completely disappeared
The repolarization of cardiac muscle is due to ______.
sodium entering the coll
potassium entering the cell
potassium exiting the cell
sodium exiting the cell
Skeletal muscle is capable of which of the following?
wave summation
audtorhythmicity
wave summation and fused tetanus
fused tetanus
Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?
AV bundle (bundle of His)
Purkinje fibers
SA node
AV node
What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?
atrial depolarization
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization
atrial repolarization
Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?
QRS complex
T wave
P wave
Tim wave's goodbye and says "Peace out!"
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?
bundle branches
SA node
AV node
Perkinji fibers
The effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart is to _______.
increase the heart rate
increase the heart rate and increase the force of contraction
decrease the heart rate and decrease the force of contraction
decrease the heart rate
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system dominates after a large meal?
neither the parasympathetic nor the sympathetic branch
the parasympathetic branch
the sympathetic branch
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches dominate after a large meal.
Muscarine is a poison found in poisonous mushrooms. Muscarine binds to acetylcholine receptors and mimics its action. Which of the following describes the effect of muscarine?
Like pilocarpine, it increases the heart rate.
Like atropine, it decreases the heart rate.
Like atropine, it increases the heart rate.
Like pilocarpine, it decreases the heart rate.
Beta blockers are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Which receptors do you think are being blocked?
alpha-adrenergic
beta-adrenergi
muscarinic
nicotinic
Which of the following affect heart rate through the use of a cAMP (second messenger) system?
acetylcholine
epinephrine and norepinephrine
acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
norepinephrine
What effect does potassium have on the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell?
Changes in potassium have no effect on the resting membrane potential.
Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more negative.
Increasing intracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive.
Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive.
The cardiac cell plasma membrane is most permeable to _______________________.
it is equally permeable to all ions
potassium
calcium
sodium
A ___________________ drug increases the force of contraction of the heart.
positive inotropic
positive chronotropic
negative inotropic
negative chronotropic
When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, the concentration of _____________ is greater on the outside of the cell.
potassium and sodium
sodium and calcium
calcium
sodium
Action potentials generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the contractile cells through what structures in the membrane?
tight junctions
intercalated discs
desmosomes
gap junctions
